gsh

Glutathione Synthetase belongs to the eukaryotic GSH synthase family. Glutathione Synthetase is the second enzyme in the glutathione biosynthesis pathway. It catalyses the condensation of gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine to form glutathione. Glutathione play an important role in a variety of biological functions, including detoxification of xenobiotics, protection of cells from oxidative damage by free radicals, and membrane transport. The protein functions as a homodimer to catalyze the second step of glutathione biosynthesis, which is the ATP-dependent conversion of gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine to glutathione. Defects in Glutathione Synthetase can also cause the glutathione synthetase deficiency of erythrocytes, which is a mild form causing hemolytic anemia.

ADH5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli.

Plays a central role in formaldehyde detoxification. ADH2 Protein, Arabidopsis thaliana, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 44.7 kDa and the accession number is Q96533.

N-Sulphoglucosamine Sulphohydrolase (SGSH) is an important member of the sulfatase family which is involved in the degradation of heparin sulfate. SGSH binds one calcium ion per subunit as a cofactor. SGSH catalyzes N-sulfo-D-glucosamine and H2O to D-glucosamine and sulfate. SGSH deficiency is result in mucopolysaccharidosis type 3A (MPS3A), a recessive lysosomal storage disease characterized by neurological dysfunction but relatively mild somatic manifestations.

Functions as glutathione transferase. Catalyzes conjugation of the glutathione (GSH) to artificial substrates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and p-nitrophenyl acetate. Mitigates neuronal oxidative stress during normal postnatal development and in response to oxidative stresses probably through GSH antioxidant defense mechanism. May play a role in EPS8 signaling. Binds glutathione. LANCL1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 52.6 kDa and the accession number is O43813.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) is a metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of various aldehydes. Certain types of epithelial tissues in mammals, especially those continually exposed to environmental stress (e.g., corneal epithelium), express ALDH3A1 at high levels and its abundance in such tissues is perceived to help to maintain cellular homeostasis under conditions of oxidative stress. Metabolic as well as non-metabolic roles for ALDH3A1 have been associated with its mediated resistance to cellular oxidative stress. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) and ALDH3A1 are corneal crystallins. They protect inner ocular tissues from ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced oxidative damage through catalytic and non-catalytic mechanisms. Additionally, ALDH3A1 has been postulated to play a regulatory role in the corneal epithelium based on several studies that report an inverse association between ALDH3A1 expression and corneal cell proliferation. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) plays an important role in many cellular oxidative processes, including cancer chemoresistance, by metabolizing activated forms of oxazaphosphorine drugs such as cyclophosphamide (CP) and its analogues, such as mafosfamide (MF), ifosfamide (IFM), and 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HPCP). Compounds that can selectively target ALDH3A1 could permit delineation of its roles in these processes and could restore chemosensitivity in cancer cells that express this isoenzyme. ALDH3A1 may act to protect corneal cells against cellular oxidative damage by metabolizing toxic lipid peroxidation products (e.g., 4-HNE), maintaining cellular GSH levels and redox balance, and operating as an antioxidant.

BOLA1 is a mitochondrial protein that counterbalances the effect of L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO)-induced glutathione (GSH) depletion on the mitochondrial thiol redox potential. Furthermore, overexpression of BOLA1 nullifies the effect of BSO and S-nitrosocysteine on mitochondrial morphology. Conversely, knockdown of the BOLA1 gene increases the oxidation of mitochondrial thiol groups. Supporting a role of BOLA1 in controlling the mitochondrial thiol redox potential is that BOLA1 orthologs only occur in aerobic eukaryotes. A measured interaction of BOLA1with the mitochondrial monothiol glutaredoxin GLRX5 provides hints for potential mechanisms behind BOLA1's effect on mitochondrial redox potential.