Prostate apoptosis response protein PAR-4 (2-7) [Homo sapiens] is a peptide with the sequence H2N-Ala-Thr-Gly-Gly-Tyr-Arg-OH, MW= 623.66.

SAFit2 is a highly effective and selective fk506 binding protein 51(FKBP51) inhibitor (Ki: 6 nM). SAFit2 can enhance AKT2-AS160 binding and participate in the downstream response of glucocorticoid release in vivo, and is a candidate compound for the treatment of obesity, chronic pain, depression and anxiety.

Thapsigargin is a natural product, an inhibitor of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) and an endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer. Thapsigargin increases cytoplasmic calcium concentration by blocking the ability of cells to pump calcium into the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum.

5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin (HD-003) is an antioxidant potentially for the treatment of renal failure. A creatinine metabolite, 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin , a hydroxyl radical scavenger, has previously been shown to confer renoprotection by inhibiting the progression of chronic kidney disease in rats. 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin is a novel anti-oxidant drug completely suppressed the expression of B2-kinin receptors (B2KR) in response to high glucose (25 mM) stimulation in VSMC and was also shown to attenuate the effects of BK on VSMC remodeling. 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin inhibited the BK-induced increase in MAPK phosphorylation and attenuated the increase in connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) protein levels in VSMC. These findings suggest that 5-Hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin may confer vascular protection against high glucose concentrations and BK-stimulation to ameliorate vascular injury and remodeling through its anti-oxidant properties.

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) 174-185 acetate is an acute phase serum protein synthesized in response to inflammatory cytokines, produces antitumor effects in animals. The fragment CRP (174-185) (RS-83277) shows similar activity by significantly enhancing the

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) 77-82 acetate is the 77-82 fragment of C-Reactive Protein. C-Reactive Protein (CRP), the prototypic marker of inflammation, is a cardiovascular risk marker and may promote atherogenesis.C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring

Protein Kinase C Peptide Substrate acetate targets specific cell spacers ina manner that is dependent on second messengers and specific adaptor proteins in response to extracellular signals that activate g protein-coupled receptors, tyrosine Kinase recept

CREBtide acetate is a synthetic substrate for PKA (Km=3.9 μM), which is based on the phosphorylation sequence in d-CREB (cAMP response element binding protein).

Crebinostat is a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, inhibiting HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC6 with IC50s of 0.7 nM, 1.0 nM, 2.0 nM, and 9.3 nM, respectively.Crebinostat increases the density of synapsin-1 punctae along dendrites in neurons in vitro. Crebinostat increased the density of synapsin-1 punctae along dendrites in neurons in vitro. crebinostat modulated chromatin-mediated neuroplasticity and enhanced memory in mice. crebinostat induced histone H3 and histone H4 acetylation and enhanced the expression of the cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) target gene, Egr1. Crebinostat induces histone H3 and histone H4 acetylation and enhances the expression of Egr1, a cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) target.

alphaSYN-IN-NAB2, a neuron-protective agent, is a protein encoded by the NAB2 gene. NAB2 effectively and selectively protects a variety of cells from alpha-SYN toxicity. NAB2 promotes endosomal transport dependent on E3 ubiquitin ligase Rsp5/Nedd4. NAB2 identifies a viable molecular node in alpha-SYN biology that corrects multiple aspects of its underlying pathology, including dysfunctional endosomes and endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicles transport. NAB2 is involved in cellular processes such as cell differentiation, apoptosis and stress response, and can be used to study cancer, neurodevelopment and neuronal activity.

MKK7-COV-9 is a selective and potent covalent inhibitor of MKK7 with inhibitory effects on MKK7-induced protein-protein interactions.MKK7-COV-9 interrupts the activation of primary B-cells in response to LPS.MKK7-COV-9 shows low cytotoxicity at high concentrations.

NU 9056 is an effective and selective inhibitor of KAT5 histone acetyltransferase with an IC50 of 2 µM. NU 9056 blocks DNA damage response and inhibits protein acetylation in prostate cancer cell lines.

Baloramotide, a recombinant protein comprising 182 amino acids from NY-ESO-1, enhances the immune response to tumors [1].

2'2'-cGAMP is a synthetic dinucleotide (CDN) that contains non-canonical 2'5'-phosphodiester bonds. It binds to the adapter protein stimulator of interferon genes , which is a component of the innate immune response that activates the type I interferon pathway when bound to cyclic dinucleotides. 2'2-cGAMP shows weaker binding to STING than 2'3'-cGAMP but binds more strongly than 3'3'-cGAMP , cyclic di-GMP , or 3'2'-cGAMP, which bind in the micromolar range (Kds = 1.04, 1.21, or 1.61 μM, respectively). Despite weaker binding, 2'2'-cGAMP induces IFN-β production in the same concentration range as 2'3'-cGAMP (EC50s = 15.8 and 19.4 nM, respectively, in L929 cells).

Influenza Matrix Protein (61-72) is a peptide derived from the matrix protein of influenza viruses and encompasses amino acids 61-72. This specific epitope, Influenza Matrix Protein (61-72), has the ability to elicit a CD4+ T-cell response.

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) 77-82 is the 77-82 fragment of C-Reactive Protein. C-Reactive Protein (CRP), the prototypic marker of inflammation, is a cardiovascular risk marker and may promote atherogenesis.C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped)

Cholesterol β-D-glucoside is a derivative of cholesterol that contains β-D-glucose . It is formed from cholesterol and glucosylceramide by β-glucosidase 1. It activates heat shock transcription factor 1 (Hsf1) in response to heat shock, which increases the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in TIG-3 human fetal lung fibroblasts when used at a concentration of 10 μM. Cholesterol β-D-glucoside (100 mg/kg) prevents ulcer formation following cold-restraint stress and increases Hsf1 activity, as well as Hsp70 expression and protein levels in rat gastric mucosa.

NSC15520, a small-molecule inhibitor of Replication Protein A (RPA), selectively targets the N-terminal DNA binding domain (DBD) of RPA, preventing its interaction with p53 and RAD9. Additionally, NSC15520 impedes the helix destabilization of duplex DNA (dsDNA) oligonucleotides, playing a role in processes such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and the DNA damage response signaling pathway [1].

BOLD-100 free base (NKP-1339; IT-139), a ruthenium-based anticancer agent, inhibits stress-induced GRP78 upregulation, thus disrupting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. This action induces ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR), interfering with the intricate relationship between ER-stress response, lysosome dynamics, and autophagy execution.

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) has the sequence of H-Ser-Leu-Arg-Arg-Ser-Ser-Cys-Phe-Gly-Gly-Arg-OH, is a 28 amino acid peptide. ANP is a powerful vasodilator, and a protein (polypeptide) hormone secreted by heart muscle cells. It is involved in the hom

RA-9 is a potent and selective proteasome-associated inhibitor of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), with favorable toxicity profile and anticancer activity. RA-9 selectively induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines.

Cyclic diadenylate (c-di-AMP) sodium functions as a STING agonist by binding to the STING transmembrane protein, thus activating the TBK3-IRF3 signaling pathway. This activation prompts the production of type I IFN and TNF. Additionally, c-di-AMP sodium serves as a bacterial second messenger in Gram-positive bacteria, where it plays crucial roles in regulating cell growth, survival, and virulence, as well as the host immune response. It also acts as a potent mucosal adjuvant by stimulating both humoral and cellular responses [1] [2] [3] [4].

ZIKV-IN-6 (compound 22) acts as a direct inhibitor of the Zika virus (ZIKV) by binding to its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and obstructing viral RNA synthesis mediated by the ZIKV NS5 protein. This compound also demonstrates low cytotoxicity (CC50 >50 μM) and mitigates the excessive inflammatory response and pyroptosis [1].

CRP, an acute phase serum protein synthesized in response to inflammatory cytokines, produces antitumor effects in animals. The fragment CRP (174-185) (RS-83277) shows similar activity by significantly enhancing the tumoricidal activity of human monocytes

HIF-2a translation inhibitor is a potent HIF-2α translation inhibitor with IC50=5 μM that inhibits constitutive and hypoxia-induced HIF-2α protein expression. Among them, HIF-2α-IN-4 associates the 5'UTR iron response element with oxygen sensing.

Tat-CBD3 is a chemical compound inhibiting the interaction between the N-type voltage-gated calcium channel Cav2.2 and collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), as well as the interaction between CRMP2 and the NMDA receptor NR2B subunit. At a concentration of 10 µM, Tat-CBD3 reduces the Cav2.2-CRMP2 interaction by 43% in cell-free assays and impedes the NMDA receptor NR2B subunit-CRMP2 interaction in immunoprecipitation assays. It lowers voltage-induced calcium currents by about 60% in primary rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and decreases glutamate-induced cytosolic calcium level rises in primary rat hippocampal neurons. When administered at 20 mg/kg, Tat-CBD3 lessens infarct volume in a rat model of cerebral ischemia following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Additionally, intrathecal delivery of Tat-CBD3 at a dose of 20 µg/5 µl mitigates carrageenan-induced thermal hypersensitivity in rats.

BLM-IN-1 is an effective Bloom syndrome protein (BLM) inhibitor (KD: 1.81 μM; IC50: 0.95 μM). It induces DNA damage response, apoptosis and proliferation arrest in cancer cells

Nemorosone is a polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol (PPAP) originally isolated from C. rosea that has antiproliferative properties.1 Nemorosone inhibits growth of NB69, Kelly, SK-N-AS, and LAN-1 neuroblastoma cells (IC50s = 3.1-6.3 μM), including several drug-resistant clones, but not MRC-5 human embryonic fibroblasts (IC50 = >40 μM).2 It increases DNA fragmentation in LAN-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and decreases N-Myc protein levels and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MEK1/2. Nemorosone also inhibits growth of Capan-1, AsPC-1, and MIA-PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells (IC50s = 4.5-5.0 μM following a 72-hour treatment) but not human dermal and foreskin fibroblasts (IC50s = >35 μM).1 It induces apoptosis, abolishes the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increases cytosolic calcium concentration in pancreatic cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Nemorosone activates the caspase cascade in a dose-dependent manner and inhibits cell cycle progression, increasing the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase, in both neuroblastoma and pancreatic cancer cells.1,2 Nemorosone (50 mg/kg, i.p., per day) also reduces tumor growth in an MIA-PaCa-2 mouse xenograft model.3References1. Holtrup, F., Bauer, A., Fellenberg, K., et al. Microarray analysis of nemorosone-induced cytotoxic effects on pancreatic cancer cells reveals activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Br. J. Pharmacol. 162(5), 1045-1059 (2011).2. Díaz-Carballo, D., Malak, S., Bardenheuer, W., et al. Cytotoxic activity of nemorosone in neuroblastoma cells. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 12(6B), 2598-2608 (2008).3. Wold, R.J., Hilger, R.A., Hoheisel, J.D., et al. In vivo activity and pharmacokinetics of nemorosone on pancreatic cancer xenografts. PLoS One 8(9), e74555 (2013). Nemorosone is a polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol (PPAP) originally isolated from C. rosea that has antiproliferative properties.1 Nemorosone inhibits growth of NB69, Kelly, SK-N-AS, and LAN-1 neuroblastoma cells (IC50s = 3.1-6.3 μM), including several drug-resistant clones, but not MRC-5 human embryonic fibroblasts (IC50 = >40 μM).2 It increases DNA fragmentation in LAN-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and decreases N-Myc protein levels and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MEK1/2. Nemorosone also inhibits growth of Capan-1, AsPC-1, and MIA-PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells (IC50s = 4.5-5.0 μM following a 72-hour treatment) but not human dermal and foreskin fibroblasts (IC50s = >35 μM).1 It induces apoptosis, abolishes the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increases cytosolic calcium concentration in pancreatic cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Nemorosone activates the caspase cascade in a dose-dependent manner and inhibits cell cycle progression, increasing the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase, in both neuroblastoma and pancreatic cancer cells.1,2 Nemorosone (50 mg/kg, i.p., per day) also reduces tumor growth in an MIA-PaCa-2 mouse xenograft model.3 References1. Holtrup, F., Bauer, A., Fellenberg, K., et al. Microarray analysis of nemorosone-induced cytotoxic effects on pancreatic cancer cells reveals activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Br. J. Pharmacol. 162(5), 1045-1059 (2011).2. Díaz-Carballo, D., Malak, S., Bardenheuer, W., et al. Cytotoxic activity of nemorosone in neuroblastoma cells. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 12(6B), 2598-2608 (2008).3. Wold, R.J., Hilger, R.A., Hoheisel, J.D., et al. In vivo activity and pharmacokinetics of nemorosone on pancreatic cancer xenografts. PLoS One 8(9), e74555 (2013).

653-47 acts as a potentiator significantly enhancing the inhibitory activity of 666-15 on the cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), while it also exhibits mild CREB inhibitory properties itself, with an IC50 value of 26.3 μM [1].

A18-Iso5-2DC18 (compound A18), a lipidoid, enhances mRNA protein expression and induces a robust immune response [1].

ATR-IN-11 (Compound Hit01) is a potent inhibitor of ataxia capillaris and Rad3-related (ATR) kinases. ATR-IN-11 is a promising lead compound for the discovery of subsequent drugs targeting the ATR kinase, a key regulatory protein in the DNA damage response (DDR) responsible for sensing replication stress (RS). ATR-IN-11 has potential for cancer disease research.

VH-298 is a potent inhibitor of VHL that stabilizes HIF-α and elicits a hypoxic response via a different mechanism, that is the blockade of the VHL:HIF-α protein-protein interaction downstream of HIF-α hydroxylation by PHD enzymes.

BHPI is a potent ERα inhibitor that blocks nuclear estrogen–ERα-regulated gene expression effectively. It triggers sustained ERα-dependent activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (EnR) stress sensor, notably the unfolded protein response (UPR), and consistently inhibits protein synthesis. With an IC50 value targeting ERα, BHPI's mechanism involves the rapid hyperactivation of PLCγ on the plasma membrane in ERα(+) cancer cells, which produces inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3). This, in turn, opens EnR IP3R calcium channels, leading to a rapid depletion of EnR Ca(2+) stores. SIGNIFICANTLY, BHPI alters estrogen-ERα's usual effect of causing mild and transient UPR activation by inducing a severe and prolonged UPR activation, transforming the UPR from a protective to a toxic response.

APE1-IN-2 (compound AP1), a Pt(IV) proagent, selectively targets the essential base excision repair protein apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1). Exhibiting anticancer properties, APE1-IN-2 prompts the intracellular accumulation of platinum and initiates the activation of DNA damage response and apoptosis pathways [1].

Kaurenoic acid (kaurenoate) has anti-inflammatory potential in acetic acid-induced colitis, decreases in MDA level. Kaurenoic acid exerts a uterine relaxant effect acting principally through calcium blockade and in part, by the opening of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Kaurenoic acid exhibits an analgesic effect in a consistent manner and that its mechanisms involve the inhibition of cytokine production and activation of the NO-cyclic GMP-protein kinase G-ATP-sensitive potassium channel signaling pathway. Kaurenoic acid derivatives have an antimicrobial activity of substituted on carbon-15 at concentrations greater than or equal to 250 μg/ml. Kaurenoic acid has inhibitory effects on the LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages.

Polygalasaponin F has anti-neuroinflammatory activity, can inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and NO induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and reduce the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases. Polygalasaponin F can significantly i

CRT5, a pyrazine benzamide, is a potent and selective PKD inhibitor. The VEGF-induced phosphorylation of three PKD substrates (IC50s = 1, 2, and 1.5 nM for PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3, respectively), histone deacetylase 5, CREB (cAMP-response-element-binding protein), and HSP27 (heat-shock protein 27) at Ser82, is also inhibited by CRT5. CRT5 decreases VEGF-induced endothelial migration, proliferation, and tubulogenesis[1].

CREBtide is a synthetic substrate for PKA (Km=3.9 µM), which is based on the phosphorylation sequence in d-CREB (cAMP response element binding protein).

H-9 dihydrochloride is a potent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor.H-9 Dihydrochloride significantly reduces the excitatory response to 5-HT at low concentrations.H-9 Dihydrochloride affects pharyngeal activity.H-9 Dihydrochloride inhibits signaling and cell growth of EGF ( H-9 Dihydrochloride inhibits EGF (epidermal growth factor)-dependent signaling and cell growth in epithelial cell lines.

CCI-006, a selective inhibitor and chemosensitizer for MLL-rearranged leukemia cells, disrupts mitochondrial respiration. This action leads to irreversible mitochondrial depolarization and triggers a pro-apoptotic unfolded protein response in specific MLL-r leukemia cells.

Syntide 2 (TFA) is a Ca2+ and CaM dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) substrate peptide that selectively inhibits the gibberellin (GA) response, leaving composition and slicoic acid regulatory events unaffected.

653-47 hydrochloride is a potentiator, significantly potentiates the cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) inhibitory activity of 666-15. It is also a very weak CREB inhibitor with IC50 of 26.3 μM.

3,6-DMAD hydrochloride functions as an inhibitor for the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway within the unfolded protein response mechanism.

rCRAMP (rat), the rat cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide, plays a crucial role in the antibacterial activity found in rat brain peptide/protein extracts. As a potential key player in the innate immune system of the rat central nervous system, rCRAMP (rat) serves to enhance immune response.

Syntide 2 (TFA), a substrate peptide for Ca2+- and calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), selectively inhibits the gibberellin (GA) response without affecting constitutive and abscisic acid-regulated events [1].

1. Kamebakaurin (Kamebakaurine) has the ability to protect the liver from APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, presumably by both inhibiting the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. 2. Kamebakaurin inhibits the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and its target genes to confer antitumor activity. 3. Kamebakaurin has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities through direct inhibition of DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p50.4. Kamebakaurin has anti-neuroinflammatory activity via inhibition of c-Jun NH -terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in activated microglial cells.

HIF-1/2α-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of HIF-1/2α, which effectively reduces the levels of HIF-1/2α. This compound elicits an iron starvation response by specifically targeting ISCA2, a key protein involved in Iron Sulfur Cluster Assembly 2. [1]

SR 11302 is an inhibitor of activator protein-1 (AP-1).

1. Acetylshikonin exhibits weak cytotoxicity against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with IC5 of over 2 microM, exhibits the antiangiogenic and antitumorigenic effects by suppressing proliferation and angiogenic factors. 2. Acetylshikonin inhibits the generation of NADPH oxidase complex in the activation of respiratory burst of PMNs, but does not directly inhibit the activity of NADPH oxidase already generated. 3. Certain shikonin derivatives(such as Acetylshikonin) act as modulators of the Nur77-mediated apoptotic pathway and identify a new shikonin-based lead that targets Nur77 for apoptosis induction. 4. Acetylshikonin, shikonin, and alkannin have accelerative effect on the proliferation of granulation tissue in rats. 5. Acetylshikonin has inhibitory effect on the edematous response is due neither to the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal gland nor to the glucocorticoid activity, but probably partly to the suppression of mast cell degranulation and partly to protection of the vasculature from mediator challenge. 6. Acetylshikonin induces apoptosis of hepatitis B virus X protein-expressing human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Tat-CBD3A6K, a peptide derivative of the N-type voltage-gated calcium channel Cav2.2 and collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) interaction inhibitor Tat-CBD3, has demonstrated efficacy in a rat model of antiretroviral neuropathic pain caused by stavudine (d4T). Administered at 10 mg/kg, it preserves paw withdrawal threshold, indicating pain relief, and reduces the number of action potentials in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons from affected rats. Additionally, a 30 µM/animal dural dose of Tat-CBD3A6K lessens meningeal blood flow escalation triggered by capsaicin, showcasing its potential in managing neuropathic pain and inflammation.

cisVH 298 is a negative control for VH 298. Exhibits no detectable binding of VHL.