rna-dependent

SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase RDRP Protein (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 108.3 kDa and the accession number is YP_009725307.1.

Positively regulates DDX58 RIG-I- and IFIH1 MDA5-dependent type I interferon and interferon inducible gene expression in response to viral infection. Binds ssRNA, dsRNA and dsDNA and can promote the binding of DDX58 RIG-I to dsRNA. Exhibits antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). DDX60 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 23.1 kDa and the accession number is Q8IY21.

Involved in nuclear export of spliced and unspliced mRNA. Assembling component of the TREX complex which is thought to couple mRNA transcription, processing and nuclear export, and specifically associates with spliced mRNA and not with unspliced pre-mRNA. TREX is recruited to spliced mRNAs by a transcription-independent mechanism, binds to mRNA upstream of the exon-junction complex (EJC) and is recruited in a splicing- and cap-dependent manner to a region near the 5' end of the mRNA where it functions in mRNA export to the cytoplasm via the TAP NFX1 pathway. May undergo several rounds of ATP hydrolysis during assembly of TREX to drive subsequent loading of components such as ALYREF THOC and CHTOP onto mRNA. Also associates with pre-mRNA independent of ALYREF THOC4 and the THO complex. Involved in the nuclear export of intronless mRNA; the ATP-bound form is proposed to recruit export adapter ALYREF THOC4 to intronless mRNA; its ATPase activity is cooperatively stimulated by RNA and ALYREF THOC4 and ATP hydrolysis is thought to trigger the dissociation from RNA to allow the association of ALYREF THOC4 and the NXF1-NXT1 heterodimer. Involved in transcription elongation and genome stability.; Splice factor that is required for the first ATP-dependent step in spliceosome assembly and for the interaction of U2 snRNP with the branchpoint. Has both RNA-stimulated ATP binding hydrolysis activity and ATP-dependent RNA unwinding activity. Even with the stimulation of RNA, the ATPase activity is weak. Can only hydrolyze ATP but not other NTPs. The RNA stimulation of ATPase activity does not have a strong preference for the sequence and length of the RNA. However, ssRNA stimulates the ATPase activity much more strongly than dsRNA. Can unwind 5' or 3' overhangs or blunt end RNA duplexes in vitro. The ATPase and helicase activities are not influenced by U2AF2; the effect of ALYREF THOC4 is reported conflictingly with [PubMed:23299939] reporting a stimulatory effect.; (Microbial infection) The TREX complex is essential for the export of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) intronless mRNAs and infectious virus production.

DDX1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli.

RIG-I Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 53.3 kDa and the accession number is O95786.

DHX33 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli.

DDX3Y Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in Baculovirus.

DDX53 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 76.2 kDa and the accession number is Q86TM3.

DDX19A Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli.

DDX3X Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 77 kDa and the accession number is O00571.

ALKBH5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 48.2 kDa and the accession number is Q6P6C2.

DDX3X Protein, Human, Recombinant (B2M & His) is expressed in E. coli.

PRKRA Protein, Bovine, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 39.4 kDa and the accession number is Q2HJ92.

DDX5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 74.1 kDa and the accession number is P17844.

DHX36 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 18.2 kDa and the accession number is Q9H2U1.

DHX9 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli.

FTO Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli.

Chaperone protein required for seedling and chloroplast development under heat stress, probably by maintaining plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP)-dependent transcription. HSP21, chloroplastic Protein, Arabidopsis thaliana, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 28.4 kDa and the accession number is P31170.

Facilitates transcription termination by a mechanism that involves Rho binding to the nascent RNA, activation of Rho's RNA-dependent ATPase activity, and release of the mRNA from the DNA template. RNA-dependent NTPase which utilizes all four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Rho Protein, E. coli, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 51.0 kDa and the accession number is P0AG30.

The replicase polyprotein of coronaviruses is a multifunctional protein: it contains the activities necessary for the transcription of negative stranded RNA, leader RNA, subgenomic mRNAs and progeny virion RNA as well as proteinases responsible for the cleavage of the polyprotein into functional products.; NendoU is a Mn(2+)-dependent, uridylate-specific enzyme, which leaves 2'-3'-cyclic phosphates 5' to the cleaved bond. IBV (strain KB8523) Replicase polyprotein 1ab (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 30.1 kDa and the accession number is P12723.

Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-79 specific, also known as Histone H3-K79 methyltransferase, DOT1-like protein, Lysine N-methyltransferase 4 and DOT1L, is a nucleus protein which belongs to theDOT1 family. In contrast to other lysine histone methyltransferase, DOT1L does not contain a SET domain, suggesting the existence of another mechanism for methylation of lysine residues of histones. DOT1L is an histone methyltransferase. It methylates 'Lys-79' of histone H3. Nucleosomes are preferred as substrate compared to free histones. DOT1L binds to DNA. Methylation of lysine 79 on histone H3 (H3K79) is mediated by DOT1L. It is involved in the regulation of telomeric silencing, development, cell cycle checkpoint and transcription. Mass spectrometry of the DOT1L-containing complex revealed that AF9, ENL and NPM1 were shown to be major DOT1L-interacting proteins. DOT1L might control AF9- and ENL-mediated transcription, regulate RNA processing, and function as a histone chaperone in a NPM1-dependent manner.

Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing. This may affect gene expression and function in a number of ways that include mRNA translation by changing codons and hence the amino acid sequence of proteins; pre-mRNA splicing by altering splice site recognition sequences; RNA stability by changing sequences involved in nuclease recognition; genetic stability in the case of RNA virus genomes by changing sequences during viral RNA replication; and RNA structure-dependent activities such as microRNA production or targeting or protein-RNA interactions. Can edit both viral and cellular RNAs and can edit RNAs at multiple sites (hyper-editing) or at specific sites (site-specific editing). Its cellular RNA substrates include: bladder cancer-associated protein (BLCAP), neurotransmitter receptors for glutamate (GRIA2) and serotonin (HTR2C) and GABA receptor (GABRA3). Site-specific RNA editing of transcripts encoding these proteins results in amino acid substitutions which consequently alters their functional activities. Exhibits low-level editing at the GRIA2 Q R site, but edits efficiently at the R G site and HOTSPOT1. Its viral RNA substrates include: hepatitis C virus (HCV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), measles virus (MV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Exhibits either a proviral (HDV, MV, VSV and HIV-1) or an antiviral effect (HCV) and this can be editing-dependent (HDV and HCV), editing-independent (VSV and MV) or both (HIV-1). Impairs HCV replication via RNA editing at multiple sites. Enhances the replication of MV, VSV and HIV-1 through an editing-independent mechanism via suppression of EIF2AK2 PKR activation and function. Stimulates both the release and infectivity of HIV-1 viral particles by an editing-dependent mechanism where it associates with viral RNAs and edits adenosines in the 5'UTR and the Rev and Tat coding sequence. Can enhance viral replication of HDV via A-to-I editing at a site designated as amber W, thereby changing an UAG amber stop codon to an UIG tryptophan (W) codon that permits synthesis of the large delta antigen (L-HDAg) which has a key role in the assembly of viral particles. However, high levels of ADAR1 inhibit HDV replication.

Single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent helicase that plays a key role in DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) by recruiting DNA-PK to DNA. Required for double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. Also has a role in chromosome translocation. The DNA helicase II complex binds preferentially to fork-like ends of double-stranded DNA in a cell cycle-dependent manner. It works in the 3'-5' direction. During NHEJ, the XRCC5-XRRC6 dimer performs the recognition step: it recognizes and binds to the broken ends of the DNA and protects them from further resection. Binding to DNA may be mediated by XRCC6. The XRCC5-XRRC6 dimer acts as regulatory subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex DNA-PK by increasing the affinity of the catalytic subunit PRKDC to DNA by 100-fold. The XRCC5-XRRC6 dimer is probably involved in stabilizing broken DNA ends and bringing them together. The assembly of the DNA-PK complex to DNA ends is required for the NHEJ ligation step. The XRCC5-XRRC6 dimer probably also acts as a 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase (5'-dRP lyase), by catalyzing the beta-elimination of the 5' deoxyribose-5-phosphate at an abasic site near double-strand breaks. XRCC5 probably acts as the catalytic subunit of 5'-dRP activity, and allows to 'clean' the termini of abasic sites, a class of nucleotide damage commonly associated with strand breaks, before such broken ends can be joined. The XRCC5-XRRC6 dimer together with APEX1 acts as a negative regulator of transcription. In association with NAA15, the XRCC5-XRRC6 dimer binds to the osteocalcin promoter and activates osteocalcin expression. As part of the DNA-PK complex, involved in the early steps of ribosome assembly by promoting the processing of precursor rRNA into mature 18S rRNA in the small-subunit processome. Binding to U3 small nucleolar RNA, recruits PRKDC and XRCC5 Ku86 to the small-subunit processome. Plays a role in the regulation of DNA virus-mediated innate immune response by assembling into the HDP-RNP complex, a complex that serves as a platform for IRF3 phosphorylation and subsequent innate immune response activation through the cGAS-STING pathway.

LSM1 is an Sm-like protein. Sm-like proteins can be detected in a variety of organisms based on sequence homology with the Sm protein family. Sm-like proteins include the Sm sequence motif, which consists of two regions separated by a linker of variable length that folds as a loop. The Sm-like proteins are thought to form a stable heteromer present in tri-snRNP particles, which are important for pre-mRNA splicing. LSM1 has a role in replication-dependent histone mRNA degradation and binds specifically to the 3''-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA. LSM1 also facilitates RNA protein interactions and structural modifications which are required during ribosomal subunit assembly.

NSP8 is a nonstructural protein of coronavirus. NSP8 acts as a primase in RNA synthesis. NSP8 and NSP7 are essential co-factors of NSP12 (the catalytic subunit with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity) that can remarkably stimulate RdRp activity. The nsp12-nsp7-nsp8 subcomplex is defined as the minimal core component for mediating coronavirus RNA synthesis. SARS-CoV-2 NSP8 Protein is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 22.04 kDa and the accession number is YP_009725304.1.

Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 6, also known as Histone-arginine N-methyltransferase PRMT6, PRMT6, and HRMT1L6, is a member of the protein arginine N-methyltransferase family and PRMT6 subfamily. PRMT6 is highly expressed in kidney and testes. PRMT6 is known to catalyze the generation of asymmetric dimethylarginine in polypeptides. It has been implicated in human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation. PRMT6 is known to methylate histone H3 Arg-2 (H3R2), and this negatively regulates the lysine methylation of H3K4 resulting in gene repression. PRMT6 plays a key role in coupling process by functioning as a transcriptional coactivator that can regulate alternative splicing. PRMT6 coactivates the progesterone, glucocorticoid and oestrogen receptors in luciferase reporter assays in a hormone-dependent manner. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotide duplex knockdown of PRMT6 disrupts oestrogen-stimulated transcription of endogenous GREB1 and progesterone receptor in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Neutralizing the activity of PRMT6 could inhibit tumor progression and may be of cancer therapeutic significance.

GTP-dependent RNA ligase that is involved in tRNA splicing and RNA repair. Joins RNA with 2',3'-cyclic-phosphate or 3'-phosphate ends to RNA with 5'-hydroxy ends. Also acts as a DNA ligase in case of DNA damage by splicing 'dirty' DNA breaks, characterized by 3'-phosphate (or cyclic-phosphate) and 5'-hydroxy ends that cannot be sealed by classical DNA ligases.

Rna-dependent RNA polymerase part of the packaging complex that packages the viral RNA segments, replicate them into a double-stranded form and transcribe them. P2 Protein, Pseudomonas phage phi6, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 27.2 kDa and the accession number is P11124.

C1D nuclear receptor corepressor belongs to the C1D family. It is a DNA binding and apoptosis-inducing protein.C1D nuclear receptor corepressorinteracts with TSNAX and DNA-PKcs. It acts as a corepressor for the thyroid hormone receptor. It is thought that C1D nuclear receptor corepressor regulates TRAX Translin complex formation. It is expressed in kidney, heart, brain, spleen, lung, testis, liver and small intestine. It plays a role in the recruitment of the RNA exosome complex to pre-rRNA to mediate the 3'-5' end processing of the 5.8S rRNA; this function may include MPHOSPH6. It potentiates transcriptional repression by NR1D1 and THRB. C1D nuclear receptor corepressorcan activate PRKDC not only in the presence of linear DNA but also in the presence of supercoiled DNA. It also can induce apoptosis in a p53 TP53 dependent manner.

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs. Plays a key role in sensing and limiting infection by intracellular bacteria and DNA viruses. Acts as nuclear and cytosolic DNA sensor involved in innate immune response. Can sense non-self dsDNA that serves as template for transcription into dsRNA. The non-self RNA polymerase III transcripts, such as Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) induce type I interferon and NF- Kappa-B through the RIG-I pathway.

Acts as a tumor suppressor in many tumor types; induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. Its pro-apoptotic activity is activated via its interaction with PPP1R13B ASPP1 or TP53BP2 ASPP2. However, this activity is inhibited when the interaction with PPP1R13B ASPP1 or TP53BP2 ASPP2 is displaced by PPP1R13L iASPP. In cooperation with mitochondrial PPIF is involved in activating oxidative stress-induced necrosis; the function is largely independent of transcription. Prevents CDK7 kinase activity when associated to CAK complex in response to DNA damage, thus stopping cell cycle progression. Induces the transcription of long intergenic non-coding RNA p21 (lincRNA-p21) and lincRNA-Mkln1. LincRNA-p21 participates in TP53-dependent transcriptional repression leading to apoptosis, but seems to have to effect on cell-cycle regulation. Regulates the circadian clock by repressing CLOCK-ARNTL BMAL1-mediated transcriptional activation of PER2.

Nuclear factor which forms MORC3-NBs (nuclear bodies) via an ATP-dependent mechanism. Sumoylated MORC3-NBs can also associate with PML-NBs. Recruits TP53 and SP100 to PML-NBs, thus regulating TP53 activity. Binds RNA in vitro. May be required for influenza A transcription during viral infection. Histone methylation reader which binds to non-methylated (H3K4me0), monomethylated (H3K4me1), dimethylated (H3K4me2) and trimethylated (H3K4me3) 'Lys-4' on histone H3. The order of binding preference is H3K4me3 > H3K4me2 > H3K4me1 > H3K4me0.

RAC1 is a GTPase that belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for RAC1 gene. RAC1 is a plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. RAC1 p21 rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophage. RAC1 is essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. RAC1's isoform B has an accelerated GEF-independent GDP GTP exchange and an impaired GTP hydrolysis, which is restored partially by GTPase-activating proteins. It is able to bind to the GTPase-binding domain of PAK but not full-length PAK in a GTP-dependent manner, suggesting that the insertion does not completely abolish effector interaction. Stat3 is an important transcription factor that regulates both proinflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways in the heart. It forms a multiprotein complex with RAC1 and PKC in an H R-dependent manner by expression of constitutively active Rac1 mutant protein, and by RNA silencing of RAC1. Selective inhibition of PKC with calphostin C produces a marked suppression of Stat3 S727 phosphorylation. The association of Stat3 with Rax1 occurs predominantly at the cell membrane, but also inside the nucleus, and occurs through the binding of the coiled-coil domain of Stat3 to the 54 NH(2)-terminal residues of RAC1. Transfection with a peptide comprising the NH(2)-terminal 17 amino acid residues of RAC1-dependent signaling pathways resulting in a physical association between Rac1 and Stat3 and the formation of a novel multiprotein complex with PKC.

Stimulates translation by blocking the activation of the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase EIF2AK2 PKR, thereby inhibiting the host interferon response. Sigma3 prevents the activation of EIF2AK2 by competing with the kinase for dsRNA-binding.; The viral outer shell polypeptides, of which sigma-3 is one, impose structural constraints that prevent elongation of nascent transcripts by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase lambda-3. Reovirus type 3 (strain Dearing) Outer capsid protein sigma-3 (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.2 kDa and the accession number is P03527.

The type I transmembrane protein 15-leucine-rich repeat containing membrane protein (LRRC15) is a member of the LRR superfamily. The LRR family is a structural module for protein-protein and protein-matrix interactions used for molecular recognition process such as cell adhesion, signal transduction, DNA repair, and RNA processing. The LRRC15 is also a transmembrane protein demonstrated to play important roles in cancer. LRRC15 expression was notably increased 4.6-fold in cariesdiseased pulpal tissue. Remarkably, LRRC15 was relatively abundant in mineralized tissues. That LRRC15 was significantly induced after osteogenic differentiation, while in the MSCs from bone marrow of ovariectomized mice the expression of LRRC15 was remarkably decreased and LRRC15 regulated osteogenic differentiation in a p65-dependent manner.

Highly processive DNA-dependent RNA polymerase that catalyzes the transcription of class II and class III viral genes. Recognizes a specific promoter sequence and enters first into an 'abortive phase' where very short transcripts are synthesized and released before proceeding to the processive transcription of long RNA chains. Unwinds the double-stranded DNA to expose the coding strand for templating. Participates in the initiation of viral DNA replication presumably by making primers accessible to the DNA polymerase, thus facilitating the DNA opening. Plays also a role in viral DNA packaging, probably by pausing the transcription at the right end of concatemer junction to allow packaging complex recruitment and beginning of the packaging process.

One of two assembly initiator proteins for the 30S subunit, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the body of the 30S subunit.; With S5 and S12 plays an important role in translational accuracy; many suppressors of streptomycin-dependent mutants of protein S12 are found in this protein, some but not all of which decrease translational accuracy (ram, ribosomal ambiguity mutations).; Plays a role in mRNA unwinding by the ribosome, possibly by forming part of a processivity clamp.; Protein S4 is also a translational repressor protein, it controls the translation of the alpha-operon (which codes for S13, S11, S4, RNA polymerase alpha subunit, and L17) by binding to its mRNA.; Also functions as a rho-dependent antiterminator of rRNA transcription, increasing the synthesis of rRNA under conditions of excess protein, allowing a more rapid return to homeostasis. Binds directly to RNA polymerase.; Part of the processive rRNA transcription and antitermination complex (rrnTAC). The complex forms an RNA-chaperone ring around the RNA exit tunnel of RNA polymerase (RNAP). It supports rapid transcription and antitermination of rRNA operons, cotranscriptional rRNA folding, and annealing of distal rRNA regions to allow correct ribosome biogenesis. This subunit may play a particular role in long-distance rRNA annealing needed for pre-rRNA processing.

Plays a critical role in both constitutive and enhancer-dependent splicing by mediating protein-protein interactions and protein-RNA interactions required for accurate 3'-splice site selection. Recruits U2 snRNP to the branch point. Directly mediates interactions between U2AF2 and proteins bound to the enhancers and thus may function as a bridge between U2AF2 and the enhancer complex to recruit it to the adjacent intron. U2AF1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 54.9 kDa and the accession number is Q01081.

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase whose activity is dependent on E2 enzymes, UBE2D1, UBE2D2, UBE2E1 and UBE2E2. Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 UBE2D2 that is used not only for the ubiquitination of USP4 and IKBKB but also for its self-ubiquitination. Component of cullin-RING-based SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes such as SCF(SKP2)-like complexes. A TRIM21-containing SCF(SKP2)-like complex is shown to mediate ubiquitination of CDKN1B ('Thr-187' phosphorylated-form), thereby promoting its degradation by the proteasome. Monoubiquitinates IKBKB that will negatively regulates Tax-induced NF-kappa-B signaling. Negatively regulates IFN-beta production post-pathogen recognition by polyubiquitin-mediated degradation of IRF3. Mediates the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of IgG1 heavy chain, which is linked to the VCP-mediated ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Promotes IRF8 ubiquitination, which enhanced the ability of IRF8 to stimulate cytokine genes transcription in macrophages. Plays a role in the regulation of the cell cycle progression. Enhances the decapping activity of DCP2. Exists as a ribonucleoprotein particle present in all mammalian cells studied and composed of a single polypeptide and one of four small RNA molecules. At least two isoforms are present in nucleated and red blood cells, and tissue specific differences in RO SSA proteins have been identified. The common feature of these proteins is their ability to bind HY RNAs.2. Involved in the regulation of innate immunity and the inflammatory response in response to IFNG IFN-gamma. Organizes autophagic machinery by serving as a platform for the assembly of ULK1, Beclin 1 BECN1 and ATG8 family members and recognizes specific autophagy targets, thus coordinating target recognition with assembly of the autophagic apparatus and initiation of autophagy. Acts as an autophagy receptor for the degradation of IRF3, hence attenuating type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune responses. Represses the innate antiviral response by facilitating the formation of the NMI-IFI35 complex through 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of NMI.

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs, and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Pols are composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. In Pol II, RPB5 is part of the lower jaw surrounding the central large cleft and thought to grab the incoming DNA template. Seems to be the major component in this process.

Wilms' tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP) was previously identified as a protein associated with Wilms' tumor-1 (WT-1) protein that is essential for the development of the genitourinary system. WT1 was originally identified as a tumor suppressor for Wilms' tumor, but it is also overexpressed in a variety of cancer cells. The WTAP-WT1 axis in vascular cells suggest that WTAP is a vital and multifaceted regulator of vascular remodeling. WTAP has been suggested to function in alternative splicing, stabilization of mRNA, and cell growth. Knocking down endogenous WTAP increased Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) proliferation, because of increased DNA synthesis and G(1) S phase transition, together with reduced apoptosis. These effects could be the result of WTAP suppressing the transcriptional activity of WT1 in SMCs. WTAP may thus also play a role in messenger RNA processing in mammalian cells, either dependent on or independent of its interaction with WT1.

ATP-dependent RNA helicase which is a subunit of the eIF4F complex involved in cap recognition and is required for mRNA binding to ribosome. In the current model of translation initiation, eIF4A unwinds RNA secondary structures in the 5'-UTR of mRNAs which is necessary to allow efficient binding of the small ribosomal subunit, and subsequent scanning for the initiator codon. EIF4A1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 53.5 kDa and the accession number is P60842.

Nucleolar protein 3 is encoded by NOL3 gene. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. So far, Nucleolar protein 3 has show to have two Isoforms. Isoform 1 may be involved in RNA splicing. Isoform 2 functions as an apoptosis repressor that blocks multiple modes of cell death. It inhibits extrinsic apoptotic pathways through two different ways. Firstly, it by interacting with FAS and FADD upon FAS activation blocking death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) assembly. Secondly by interacting with CASP8 in a mitochondria localization- and phosphorylation-dependent manner, limiting the amount of soluble CASP8 available for DISC-mediated activation. It has been shown to down-regulate the enzyme activities of caspase 2, caspase 8 and tumor protein p53.

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus (CoV) is an enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that can cause a severe respiratory disease. Its genome consists of a ∼30 kb linear, non-segmented, capped, polycistronic, polyadenylated RNA molecule, the first two-third of which is directly translated into two large polyproteins. These two polypeptides are processed into 16 non-structural proteins (nsps), forming the replicase complex, which is active in the cytoplasm in close association with cellular membranes. Nsp1 was proved to be able to suppress host gene expression by promoting host mRNA degradation and was involved in cellular chemokine deregulation. This virus evades the host innate immune response in part through the expression of its non-structural protein (nsp) 1, which inhibits both host gene expression and virus- and interferon (IFN)-dependent signaling. Thus, nsp1 is a promising target for drugs, as inhibition of nsp1 would make SARS-CoV more susceptible to the host antiviral defenses.

Cleavage by the viral main protease, 3CLpro results in generating the nsp8 protein, The nsp8 protein has been shown to associate with several other nsps and to colocalize with these nsps in cytoplasmic complexes that are important for viral RNA synthesis. It forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers.Nsp8 was shown to have RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity that could be involved in producing primers utilized by nsp12 which is normally accepted to be the RdRp for SARS-CoV.

Zika virus NS5 is involved in methytransferase and RNA guanylytransferase activities and capping and synthesis of RNA. And, NS5 is also an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

Acts as a transcription anti-termination factor immediately after transcription initiation, but does not affect transcription elongation. This function has been found to be dependent on the formation of an RNA secondary structure at the transcription start site of the first gene.

Argonaute (Ago) protein family plays a key role in the RNA interference (RNAi) process in different insects including Lepidopteran. AGO3 also coexists and interacts with Armitage in the mitochondrial fraction. Furthermore, AGO3 acts in conjunction with the mitochondria-associated protein Zucchini to control the dynamic subcellular localization of Armitage between mitochondria and nuage in a Slicer-dependent fashion.

3C-like protease (3CLpro) is the main protease of Humann Coronavirus. 3C-like protease (3CLpro) is a key enzyme, as it cleaves several sites to produce non-structural proteins that are essential for genome replication and Coronavirus virion production, such as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a helicase, ribonucleases and 3CLpro itself, from two types of polyproteins (pp1a and pp1ab). SARS-CoV 3CLpro exists as a homodimer and each protomer has an active site. SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro 3C-like protease Protein (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells. The predicted molecular weight is 35.31 kDa and the accession number is YP_009725295.1.

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase whose activity is dependent on E2 enzymes, UBE2D1, UBE2D2, UBE2E1 and UBE2E2. Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 UBE2D2 that is used not only for the ubiquitination of USP4 and IKBKB but also for its self-ubiquitination. Component of cullin-RING-based SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes such as SCF(SKP2)-like complexes. A TRIM21-containing SCF(SKP2)-like complex is shown to mediate ubiquitination of CDKN1B ('Thr-187' phosphorylated-form), thereby promoting its degradation by the proteasome. Monoubiquitinates IKBKB that will negatively regulates Tax-induced NF-kappa-B signaling. Negatively regulates IFN-beta production post-pathogen recognition by polyubiquitin-mediated degradation of IRF3. Mediates the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of IgG1 heavy chain, which is linked to the VCP-mediated ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Promotes IRF8 ubiquitination, which enhanced the ability of IRF8 to stimulate cytokine genes transcription in macrophages. Plays a role in the regulation of the cell cycle progression. Enhances the decapping activity of DCP2. Exists as a ribonucleoprotein particle present in all mammalian cells studied and composed of a single polypeptide and one of four small RNA molecules. At least two isoforms are present in nucleated and red blood cells, and tissue specific differences in RO SSA proteins have been identified. The common feature of these proteins is their ability to bind HY RNAs.2. Involved in the regulation of innate immunity and the inflammatory response in response to IFNG IFN-gamma. Organizes autophagic machinery by serving as a platform for the assembly of ULK1, Beclin 1 BECN1 and ATG8 family members and recognizes specific autophagy targets, thus coordinating target recognition with assembly of the autophagic apparatus and initiation of autophagy. Acts as an autophagy receptor for the degradation of IRF3, hence attenuating type I interferon (IFN)-dependent immune responses. Represses the innate antiviral response by facilitating the formation of the NMI-IFI35 complex through 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of NMI.