CD33 Splicing Modulator 1 Hydrochloride (Compound 1) is a myeloid lineage cell surface receptor CD33/Siglec 3 modulator involved in regulating microglia activity. This compound promotes exon 2 skipping in cellular mRNA pools and has research potential in addressing neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease [1].

RNA Splicing Modulator 1 (Compound 233) is a modulator of RNA splicing, exhibiting an AC50 value of less than 100 nM [1].

CD33 splicing modulator 1 (Compound 1) is a CD33 splicing modulator. CD33/Siglec 3 is a myeloid cell surface receptor known to regulate microglial cell activity. CD33 splicing modulator 1 has potential for the study of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease.

RNA splicing modulator 2 (compound 256) is a RNA splicing modulator [1] .

RNA Splicing Modulator 3 (Compound 236) is an effective RNA splicing modulator, exhibiting an AC50 value of less than 100 nM [1].

Risdiplam (RO7034067) (RG7916) is orally administered. Risdiplam is a centrally and peripherally distributed SMN2 pre-mRNA splicing modifier which increases survival motor neuron (SMN) protein levels[1].

1. ISOGINKGETIN (4',4'''-Dimethylamentoflavone), a compound derived from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, to up-regulate adiponectin secretion with potency comparable to that of rosiglitazone, a known modulator of adiponectin production. 2. Isoginkgetin has anti-tumor activity, the mechanistic basis is splicing inhibition , thus, pre-mRNA splicing inhibitors may represent a novel avenue for development of new anti-cancer agents.3. Isoginkgetin can inhibit tumor cell invasion by regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. 4. Isoginkgetin (0.3mg/kg ip for 3d) can reduce the level of O2·- in plasma and erythroeyte and sometimes increase the activity of SOD in anoxic rats, the action being stronger than aspirin.

CLK1/2-IN-3 (Cpd-3) is a potent and selective CLK1 and CLK2 inhibitor with antiproliferative activity and inhibits the activities of CLK1, CLK2, SRPK1, SRPK2, and SRPK3.CLK1/2-IN-3 induces nuclear speckle enlargement, which induces S6K pre-mRNA-selective splicing and subsequent inhibition of cell growth of multiple cancer cell types. cancer cell types cell growth.

B I09, an IRE-1 RNase inhibitor with an IC50 of 1230 nM, inhibits splicing of XBP1 mRNA in human WaC3 cells and expression of xbp-1 in LPS-stimulated B cells. B I09 can be used to simulate the defects of XBP-1 in CLL cells., an IRE-1 RNase inhibitor with an IC50 of 1230 nM, inhibits splicing of XBP1 mRNA in human WaC3 cells and expression of xbp-1 in LPS-stimulated B cells. B I09 can be used to simulate the defects of XBP-1 in CLL cells., an IRE-1 RNase inhibitor with an IC50 of 1230 nM, inhibits splicing of XBP1 mRNA in human WaC3 cells and expression of xbp-1 in LPS-stimulated B cells. B I09 can be used to simulate the defects of XBP-1 in CLL cells.

SMN-C3 (MV8T2MCK57) is an orally active modulator of SMN2 splicing, and has the potential to treat spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

SMN-C2 is a selective regulator of SMN2 gene splicing, a risdiplam analogue, a selective RNA-binding ligand that regulates pre-mRNA splicing and acts by binding to SMN2 pre-mRNA.SMN-C2 has the potential to be used in the study of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

HTT-D3 is a potent and orally active huntingtin (HTT) splicing modulator. HTT-D3 can lead to HTT mRNA degradation and reduction of HTT levels. HTT-D3 reduces p-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux, and has research value in Huntington's disease.

LSP-GR3, a novel splice modulating oligomer (SMO) consisting of chemically-modified RNA oligonucleotides, potently and specifically directs the alternative splicing of GluR to promote GluR3-flip expression across the central nervous system (CNS).

Votoplam functions as a gene splicing modulator, employed in the inhibition of Huntington's disease [1].

Viltolarsen (NS-065/NCNP-01) is a phosphorodiamidate morpholino antisense oligonucleotide that specifically targets the splicing of exon 53 in the dystrophin gene. It is utilized in research related to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

PTBP1-RNA-binding inhibitor P6 (PTBP1 α3-helix derived peptide P6) TFA is a stapled peptide that acts as an inhibitor for the splicing factor PTBP1, targeting the alternative splicing events this protein regulates. It operates by binding to RNA via PTBP1's RNA recognition motif [1].

Herboxidiene is a polyketide originally isolated from S. chromofuscus that has diverse biological activities.[1],[2,][3],[4],[5] It inhibits growth of HeLa S3, SK-MEL-2, PC3, A549, and EBC-1 cells with GI50 values ranging from 7.4 to 62 nM.3 Herboxidiene is cytostatic against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs; (IC50 = 26 nM)) and inhibits VEGF-induced invasion and tube formation of serum-starved HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating antiangiogenic activity.[4] Herboxidiene (0.05 μM) inhibits HIF-1α mRNA splicing and reduces HIF-1α protein levels in HepG2 cells grown under hypoxic conditions. It also inhibits splicing of p27Kip mRNA in HeLa cells in a concentration-dependent manner via interaction with the SAP155 subunit of the SF3b complex.[2] Herboxidiene (0.1 and 1 μM) increases LDL receptor promoter-driven transcription in a cell-based reporter assay.[5] It also exhibits herbicidal activity against wild buckwheat, morning glory, maize, hemp sesbania, and rapeseed when applied at 0.069 kg/hectare.[1]

Nusinersen, an antisense oligonucleotide drug, modifies the pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing of the SMN2 gene, thereby enhancing the production of the full-length Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein.

HIV-1 inhibitor-6 (3-Pyridinecarboxamide, 1,4-dihydro-1-methyl-N-(5-nitro-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl)-4-oxo-) is a potent HIV-1 pre-mRNA selective splicing inhibitor that blocks HIV replication.

PTC258 is a specific, orally active modulator of the splicing of the Elongator complex protein 1 gene (ELP1), enhancing its expression both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, PTC258 has demonstrated good tolerability in a mouse model [1].

Meayamycin D, an analogue of FR901464, induces alternative splicing of MCL-1 and demonstrates a prolonged half-life in mouse plasma [1].

Viomycin is a member of the tuberactinomycin family of antibiotics. Viomycin also inhibits group I intron splicing and prokaryotic protein synthesis. Freezes bacterial ribosomes in either the pre- or post-translational state. Facilitates trans-cleavage of

Thailanstatin D, an analogue of Thailanstatin A, inhibits AR-V7 gene splicing by disrupting the interaction between U2AF65 and SAP155, hindering their binding to the polypyrimidine tract situated between the branch point and the 3' splice site. This compound displays potent tumor inhibitory properties in human castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) xenografts, resulting in cellular apoptosis.

PAIR2 is a potent, selective partial antagonist of IRE1α RNase, effectively occupying the ATP-binding site of IRE1α in cells. This action prevents a potent KIRA from inhibiting XBP1 splicing [1].

VPC-80051 is the first small molecule inhibitor of hnRNP A1 splicing activity by using a computer-aided drug discovery approach.

RG7800 hydrochloride is an orally active modulator of SMN2 splicing.

Thailanstatin C, an antiproliferative agent derived from Burkholderia thailandensis MSMB43, functions as a potent inhibitor of pre-mRNA splicing (IC50 = 6.84 μM).

Ipivivint, a first-in-class, orally active and potent CDC-like kinase (CLK) inhibitor, inhibits CLK1 (IC50=1.4 μM), CLK2 (IC50=0.002 μM) and CLK3 (IC50=0.022 μM). Ipivivint reduces Wnt pathway signaling gene expression through inhibiting CLK activity and serine and arginine rich splicing factor (SRSF) phosphorylation and disrupting spliceosome activity. Ipivivint can be used for the research of cancer[1]. Ipivivint (SW480 cells; 0.01~10 μM; 1 hour) potently inhibits SRSF5/6 phosphorylation[1].Ipivivint (SW480 cells; 0.03 μM~3 μM; 48 hour) induced apoptosis[1]..Ipivivint (HEK-293T cells; 0.03 μM~3 μM; 1 hour) inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling induced by Wnt3a[1].Ipivivint (SW480 cells; 0.3~10 μM; 6 hour) increases nuclear speckle enlargement[1].Ipivivint (SW480 cells; 0.3~3μM; 24hours) significantly decreases expression of Wnt target genes (AXIN2, LEF1, MYC, and TCF7) and TCF7L2. SM08502 (SW480 cells; 0.03~3μM; 24hours) inhibits cytoplasmic or nuclear fractions protein expression. Ipivivint (NCI-N87 cells) inhibits proliferation[1].Ipivivint strongly inhibits Wnt pathway signaling activity (EC50 = 0.046 μM) in SW480 colon cancer cells[1]. Ipivivint (25 mg/kg; p.o.) potently inhibits tumor SRSF6 phosphorylation[1]. [1]. Tam BY, et al. The CLK inhibitor SM08502 induces anti-tumor activity and reduces Wnt pathway gene expression in gastrointestinal cancer models. Cancer Lett. 2020;473:186-197.

The Survival of Motor Neurons (SMN) protein participates in RNA splicing. Decreases in SMN, typically a consequence of defects in the smn1 gene, result in the death of motor neurons and lead to the neurodegenerative disease, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Cuspin-1 is a small molecule upregulator of SMN that has been shown in vitro to increase levels of SMN in SMA patient fibroblasts by 50% at 18 μM. Its mechanism of action is thought to involve increased phosphorylation of ERK to initiate Ras-Raf-MEK signaling, which results in an increased rate of SMN translation.

Branaplam is a highly potent, selective and orally active SMN2 splicing modulator. Branaplam increases the amount of functional SMN protein produced by the SMN2 gene through modifying its splicing.

Homocarbonyltopsentin is a small-molecule TSL2-binding compound, binds to pentaloop conformations of TSL2 and promotes a shift to triloop conformations that display enhanced SMN2 exon 7 (E7) splicing (EC50: 16 μM).

Spliceostatin A is an anticancer agent and splicing inhibitor that inhibits the splicing mechanism of the spliceosome and inhibits mitotic clonal expansion and adipogenesis.Spliceostatin A induces cell cycle arrest in the G1 and G2/M phases, and induces apoptosis.

Pladienolide B is a potent spliceosome inhibitor, a macrolide isolated from Streptomyces obtusususus Mer-12, which targets the SF3B1 subunit of the spliceosome.Pladienolide B exerts its antitumor effects by inhibiting pre-mRNA splicing and inducing necrosis.Pladienolide B possesses antitumor activity and can be used to study leukemia and lymphoid tumors. Pladienolide B has antitumor activity and can be used to study leukemia and lymphoid tumors.

4beta-Hydroxywithanolide E(4bHWE) can inhibit the growth of colon cancer monolayer and spheroid cultures, it assert its anti-tumor activity in carcinogenic progression and develop into a dietary chemopreventive agent, it affects alternative splicing by mo

M7GpppGpG, a trinucleotide cap analogue and oligonucleotide, protects against premature degradation by 5′-exonucleases and facilitates pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA transport, and protein biosynthesis initiation by recruiting essential proteins [1].

Hydroxyellipticine-1a, a selective r(CGG)exp probe, improves pre-mRNA splicing defects, inhibits formation of nuclear inclusions and RANT in a FXTAS cellular mode.l

cp028 inhibits pre-mRNA splicing in vitro.

Hinokiflavone, a novel modulator of pre-mRNA splicing activity both in vitro and in cellulo, inhibits the assembly of the spliceosome, particularly blocking the formation of the B complex. Additionally, it acts as a SUMO protease inhibitor by impeding the activity of sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1). Hinokiflavone also demonstrates significant cytotoxicity, including the inhibition of MMP-9.

Madrasin (DDD00107587) is a potent and cell penetrant splicing inhibitor that interferes with the early stages of spliceosome assembly.

Erythromycin Gluceptate is an inhibitor of protein translation and mammalian mRNA splicing. It inhibits growth of gram negative and gram positiove bacteria.

NVS-SM2 is an effective small molecule splicing enhancer of SMN2 with oral activity. NVS-SM2 showed increased exon 7 inclusion and upregulated SMN protein expression in SMA fibroblasts and SMN cells Δ7 5025 mouse myoblasts.

Erythromycin hydrochloride is an inhibitor of protein translation and mammalian mRNA splicing. It inhibits growth of gram negative and gram positiove bacteria.

RG7800 hydrochloride is an orally active SMN2 splicing modulator that acts on SMN2 splicing (EC1.5x: 23 nM) and SMN proteins (EC1.5x: 87 nM).

Branaplam (LMI070; NVS-SM1) hydrochloride is a selective, orally active SMN2 splicing modulator that acts on SMN (EC50: 20 nM). branaplam hydrochloride inhibits hERG (IC50: 6.3 μM). In a mouse model of severe spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Branaplam hydrochloride increased full-length SMN protein and improved survival.

Drisapersen, an antisense oligonucleotide, facilitates exon 51 skipping in dystrophin pre-mRNA splicing, enabling the production of partially functional dystrophin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients with suitable mutations.

ZNL-05-044, a CDK11 inhibitor, exhibits IC50 values of 0.23 μM for CDK11A and 0.27 μM for CDK11B, as determined by NanoBRET assay. It induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and disrupts RNA splicing [1].

PRMT5-IN-28 (compound 36) serves as an inhibitor of the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) enzyme, which is implicated in various cellular processes including gene transcription, mRNA splicing, DNA repair, protein cellular localization, cell fate determination, and signal transduction. Dysregulated PRMT5 activity contributes to oncogenesis by promoting cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance, invasion, metastasis, and impacting immune evasion [1].

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) PROTAC 1a is a proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) comprising a cereblon ligand linked to the sEH inhibitor t-TUCB via a linker, promoting selective sEH degradation and inhibiting its hydrolase activity (IC50 = 0.8 nM) significantly more than its phosphatase activity (IC50 = >10,000 nM). This compound preferentially targets cytosolic sEH for lysosomal rather than proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, it mitigates thapsigargin-induced upregulation of phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) splicing in HepG2 and 293T cells, thereby reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress.

PROTAC-O4I2, a PROTAC ligand targeting splicing factor 3B1 (SF3B1), induced FLAG-SF3B1 degradation in K562 cells with an IC50 value of 0.244 μM. PROTAC-O4I2 induced apoptosis in K562 WT cells.

Thailanstatin A is an ultra-potent inhibitor of eukaryotic RNA splicing (IC50 =650 nM). Thailanstatin A inhibits multiple cancer cell lines via non-covalent binding to the SF3b subunit of the U2 snRNA subcomplex of the spliceosome and shows low-nM to sub-nM IC 50 s against . Thailanstatin A, a payload for ADCs, is conjugated to the lysines on trastuzumab yielding “linker-less” ADC.