Gallinamide A TFA is a peptide that exhibits linear deposition and serves as a potent inhibitor of cathepsin L (CatL) with an IC50 of 17.6 pM. It inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting CatL (EC50: 28 nM) and also inhibits Plasmodium falciparum with an IC50 of 50 nM [1] [2].

Gallinamide A TFA exhibits low cytotoxicity, with a CC₅₀ of over 100 μM in VeroE6 cells. At a concentration of 0.5 μM for 96 hours, Gallinamide A TFA can inhibit CatL-mediated endosomal entry of SARS-CoV-2 into VeroE6 cells [1]. This compound also shows synergistic effects with the TMPRSS2 inhibitor Nafamostat mesylate, demonstrating effective antiviral activity in HEK-ACE2-TMPRSS2 cells but is ineffective in the VeroE6 cell line [1].