RFRP-3, mouse is a functional analog of avian Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormone (GnIH) that binds to GPR147. It reduces progesterone synthesis by inhibiting FSHR and key steroidogenic enzymes (P450scc, 3β-HSD, StAR). RFRP-3, mouse induces apoptosis by increasing p53 and can inhibit the ERK signaling pathway. Additionally, RFRP-3 is applicable in follicle development research.

RFRP-3, at concentrations of 10-1000 ng/mL over 24 hours, significantly reduces progesterone secretion in mouse ovarian granulosa cells without affecting estradiol secretion. It inhibits steroidogenesis and FSHR by suppressing p450scc, 3β-HSD, StAR, and FSHR expression. Additionally, RFRP-3 induces apoptosis by decreasing Bcl-2 protein levels and increasing p53 protein expression at moderate doses. It also inhibits the ERK signaling pathway, specifically p-ERK1/2 proteins, within these cells.