Xanthine amine congener dihydrochloride (XAC dihydrochloride), a potent antagonist for both Adenosine A1 and A2 receptors with IC50 values of 1.8 nM for A1 and 114 nM for A2, also functions as a convulsant agent in mouse models.

A1 receptor:1.8 nM (IC50), A2 receptor:114 nM (IC50)

Xanthine amine congener dihydrochloride (XAC) demonstrates greater potency as a convulsant agent compared to caffeine or theophylline when administered through infusion at a dosage of 39.8 mg/kg. However, XAC exhibits no convulsant effects when delivered via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, with the seizure threshold exceeding 1000 mg/kg. This observation is supported by studies conducted on mice, utilizing a single infusion injection of 39.8 mg/kg, thereby positioning XAC as a more potent convulsant than either caffeine or theophylline under specified conditions. [1]