(S)-Carvedilol is a non-selective β/α-1 blocker.It exerts protection against the vascular or cardiac toxicity of Doxorubicin (DOX).

(S)-Carvedilol exhibits beta-receptor blocking activity that is approximately 100 times more potent than that of its enantiomer (R)-Carvedilol, though both enantiomers demonstrate equal efficacy as alpha-blockers. Treatment with (S)-Carvedilol markedly enhances the expression of p-eNOS in HUVECs. Additionally, (S)-Carvedilol effectively reduces Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cell death, apoptotic alterations, and depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential. It also mitigates oxidative stress by increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, while reducing malondialdehyde levels and reactive oxygen species, mediated through the PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway in vitro.