BPH-1086 (compound 10) is an inhibitor of IspH, a domain that, when fused with ribosomal protein S1 (RPS1), can bind to mRNA or form part of the bacterial ribosome [1] [2].

IspH, also known as LytB, serves as the terminal enzyme in the nonmevalonate pathway. It possesses domains that may merge with the ribosomal protein S1 (RPS1), enabling IspH-RPS1 to either attach to mRNA or become integrated into the bacterial ribosome. This configuration is prevalent in anaerobic bacteria residing in the human gut, including pathogenic strains such as Clostridium botulinum, C. tetani, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Consequently, inhibiting IspH not only directly eradicates bacteria, similar to conventional antibiotics but also targets persistent bacterial populations through microptosis.