D-Cl-amidine hydrochloride, a potent and highly selective inhibitor of PAD1, exhibits excellent tolerance and does not induce significant toxicity [1].

D-Cl-amidine (200-400 μM) effectively reduces cell viability and increases caspase 3 activity in MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting that inhibition of PAD1 enhances apoptosis [1].

Administered intravenously (iv) at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, D-Cl-amidine remains detectable in serum, exhibiting concentrations of approximately 21 nM after 2 hours and around 10 nM at 4 hours. Similarly, when administered intraperitoneally (ip) at a 10 mg/kg dosage, D-Cl-amidine's presence in blood serum is sustained, with concentrations approximately 10 nM at the 4-hour mark [1].