Hydroxocobalamin monohydrochloride is an injectable naturally occurring form of vitamin B12. It is used as a dietary supplement in the treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency including pernicious anemia.

Hydroxocobalamin monohydrochloride ?is an injectable naturally occurring form of vitamin B12 with a favorable adverse effect profile.Hydroxocobalamin monohydrochloride ?used as a dietary supplement in the treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency including pernicious anemia.

Administering hydroxocobalamin after NaSH (sodium hydrosulfide) significantly improves survival rates in mice; over 60% survive with hydroxocobalamin treatment compared to less than 15% without it. This compound, at concentrations of 50–100 μM, along with cobalt at the same concentrations, also mitigates NaSH-induced hepatocyte cytotoxicity. Even if hydroxocobalamin is introduced 60 minutes post-NaSH administration, it retains protective efficacy. Additionally, pretreatment or post-treatment with hydroxocobalamin lessens the severity of LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced hypotension, modulates plasma RNI (reactive nitrogen intermediates) levels, and boosts LPS-induced RNI urinary excretion. In a specific study, hydroxocobalamin administration 30 minutes before LPS exposure reduced the 24-hour mortality rate from 80% to 50%, and the 36- and 96-hour mortality rates from 100% to 60% in Swiss-Webster mice.