Nrf2/HO-1 activator 1 (Compound 24) is a potent neuroprotective agent with significant antioxidant activities, specifically targeting Nrf2/HO-1. It is particularly useful in Parkinson's disease (PD) research, illustrating its potential in therapeutic applications [1].

Nrf2/HO-1 activator 1 demonstrates significant neuroprotective effects at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 30 μM over 24 hours in cell death models induced by 6-OHDA and rotenone. Additionally, at concentrations of 1 to 30 μM over 6 hours, it effectively enhances HO-1 expression in PC12 cells. Furthermore, at a fixed concentration of 12 μM across varying durations from 1 to 12 hours, it actively promotes the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and Akt in PC12 cells. In cell viability assays using PC12 cells treated for 4 hours, it showcases its capability to inhibit 6-OHDA-induced toxicity with an IC50 of 3.9 μM and rotenone-induced toxicity with an IC50 of 4.8 μM. Western blot analysis corroborates these findings, revealing dose-dependent inductions in HO-1 expression, most notably achieving a 2-fold increase at 30 μM, and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and Akt, further confirming its neuroprotective mechanisms [1].

Nrf2/HO-1 activator 1 reduces lipid peroxide production by 50.5% at a concentration of 100 μM in rat brain homogenates [1].