Penconazole is a typical triazole fungicide, which mainly used to control powdery mildew in apples, grapes, and vegetables. Penconazole inhibits sterol biosynthesis in fungi. Penconazole decrease AChE activity in the cerebrum and cerebellum of rats [1] [2].

Administered intraperitoneally at a dosage of 67 mg/kg every two days over a period of 9 days, Penconazole induces oxidative stress in the rat cerebrum and cerebellum, as demonstrated by heightened lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, alongside disturbances in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses. This chemical compound, identified as a neurotoxicant pesticide, not only impairs the cholinergic system and activities of membrane-bound ATPases but also alters brain histoarchitecture, signifying its potential to induce oxidative damage in the adult rat brain. A significant reduction in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, by 11% in the cerebrum and 25% in the cerebellum, further substantiates its neurotoxic effects. The study, which involved twelve male Wistar rats, also observed an increase in the absolute and relative weights of these brain regions, emphasizing the compound's detrimental impact.