Rhodamine 110 (RH110) is a xanthene dye similar to fluorescein and eosin.

Rhodamine 110 accumulates in mitochondria in its cationic form, altering the pH in this cellular compartment. It shows no cytotoxicity to human lymphoblastoid cells at concentrations below 10 μM, but induces cell death in Friend leukemia cells at concentrations above 100 μM[1].

Rhodamine 110 exhibits lower toxicity than its parent molecule, Rhodamine B, as evidenced by their respective intravenous LD50 values of 140.0 mg/kg for Rhodamine 110 and 89.5 mg/kg for Rhodamine B. Furthermore, Rhodamine 110 has been observed to increase testis weight in male rats and cause liver and kidney enlargement in both sexes, with male rats showing more pronounced effects. Pharmacokinetic studies involving oral and intravenous administration of Rhodamine 110 at various doses reveal that the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) is dose-proportional, and clearance rates for orally administered doses indicate efficient processing by the body. Maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) attained at different times post-administration suggest delayed absorption from the intestines into the bloodstream. This comprehensive analysis, employing noncompartmental model analysis with WinNonlin Standard Edition for pharmacokinetic parameter calculation, underscores the specific biodynamic profiles and comparative toxicity of Rhodamine 110.