Multi-kinase-IN-4 (compound 5d) is a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor effective against VEGFR2, EGFR, HER2, and CDK2, with IC50 values of 0.33, 0.22, 0.18, and 2.09 μM, respectively. It shows broad-spectrum anti-cancer activity in HepG2, MCF-7, MDA-231, and HeLa cell lines (IC50: 1.94–7.1 µM) and exhibits lower toxicity in WI-38 cells (IC50 = 40.85 µM). Additionally, it induces apoptosis, causes S-phase cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells, and holds potential for cancer research [1].

CDK2:2.09 μM, VEGFR2:0.33 μM, HER2:0.18 mM

Multi-kinase-IN-4 (compound 5d) exhibits cytotoxicity against HepG2, MCF-7, MDA-231, and HeLa cell lines, with IC50 values of 7.10, 2.48, 1.94, and 6.38 µM, respectively, after 48 hours, but shows lower cytotoxicity towards WI38 cells (IC50 = 64.29 µM) [1]. In HepG2 cells, 7.1 µM of compound 5d for 24 hours increases S phase cells by 9.23%, while reducing G0-G1 and G2/M phase populations by 4.50% and 4.73%, respectively [1]. Additionally, at this concentration and duration, it induces early apoptosis (7.51%), late apoptosis (3.45%), and necrosis (3.08%) in HepG2 cells [1].