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Autophagy

Autophagy is the natural, regulated mechanism of the cell that removes unnecessary or disfunctional components. It allows the orderly degradation and recycling of cellular components. Three forms of autophagy are commonly described: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). In macroautophagy, expendable cytoplasmic constituents are targeted and isolated from the rest of the cell within a double-membraned vesicle known as an autophagosome, which, in time, fuses with an available lysosome, bringing its specialty process of waste management and disposal; and eventually the contents of the vesicle (now called an autolysosome) are degraded and recycled.

Bafilomycin A1
T674088899-55-2
Bafilomycin A1 belongs to the macrolide class of antibiotics and is a V-ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.44 nM) that is specific and reversible. Bafilomycin A1 is an inhibitor of the late phase of autophagy, blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Bafilomycin A1 also induces apoptosis.
  • $287
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Paclitaxel
T096833069-62-4
Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a natural product and a microtubule polymer stabilizer. Paclitaxel has anti-tumor activity and causes cell death by inducing mitotic arrest, apoptosis, and cell autophagy.
  • $34
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MitoSOX Red
T753421003197-00-9In house
MitoSOX Red is a novel fluorescent probe that is specific and cell membrane-permeable and targets mitochondria in living cells.MitoSOX Red is oxidized by superoxide upon entry into the mitochondria and is not oxidized by other ROS or RNS-generating systems.MitoSOX Red then binds to nucleic acids in the mitochondrion and produces a strong red fluorescence.MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator for the specific detection of superoxide.MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator for the specific detection of superoxide. MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator to specifically detect superoxide. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) prevents the oxidation of MitoSOX Red.
  • $420
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CHIR-99021
T2310252917-06-9
CHIR-99021 (CT99021) is an activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and a GSK-3α/β inhibitor (IC50=10/6.7 nM) with selective and oral activity.CHIR-99021 induces cellular autophagy, which enhances self-renewal in mouse and human embryonic stem cells.
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Capivasertib
T19201143532-39-1
Capivasertib (AZD5363) is a broad-spectrum AKT inhibitor with inhibitory activity against Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3 (IC50=3 7 7 nM) with oral activity. Capivasertib has antitumor activity for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Verteporfin
T3112129497-78-5
Verteporfin (BPD-MA) is a YAP inhibitor that inhibits YAP-TEAD interactions. Verteporfin is also a photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy. Verteporfin also induces apoptosis and inhibits autophagy.
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Atezolizumab
T99021380723-44-3
Atezolizumab is an antibody inhibitor, a humanized monoclonal antibody, IgG1, which targets PD-L1 and blocks the interaction of PD-L1 with PD-1. Atezolizumab has antitumor activity and promotes T-cells to attack tumor cells.
  • $229
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MG-132
T2154133407-82-6
MG-132 (Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al) is a 26S proteasome inhibitor (IC50=100 nM) that is cell-permeable and reversible. MG-132 acts as an autophagy activator and also induces apoptosis.
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Olaparib
T3015763113-22-0
Olaparib (KU0059436) is a small molecule inhibitor of PARP1 PARP2 (IC50=5 1 nM), with weak inhibitory activity against PARP tankyrase-1 (IC50=1.5 μM), and is selective and orally active. Olaparib exhibits autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy activation activity.
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Venetoclax
T21191257044-40-8
Venetoclax (ABT-199) is a Bcl-2 inhibitor (Ki<0.01 nM) with potent, selective, and orally active properties. Venetoclax has a 3-order-of-magnitude lower affinity for Bcl-xL and Bcl-W (Kis=48 245 nM). Venetoclax induces autophagy and apoptosis.
  • $48
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Doxorubicin hydrochloride
T102025316-40-9
Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) belongs to the anthracycline class of antibiotics and is an inhibitor of human DNA topoisomerase I II (IC50=0.8 2.67 μM). Doxorubicin hydrochloride exhibits cytotoxicity and antitumor activity. Doxorubicin hydrochloride reduces the phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target protein acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, and induces apoptosis and autophagy.
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Enzalutamide
T6002915087-33-1
Enzalutamide (MDV3100) is an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist (IC50=36 nM in LNCaP) that activates autophagy, exhibits antitumor activity, and is commonly used in treating desmoplasia-resistant prostate cancer.
  • $40
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Cisplatin
T156415663-27-1
Cisplatin (CDDP) is a DNA cross-linking agent. Cisplatin has antitumor activity and inhibits DNA synthesis by forming DNA adducts in cancer cells. Cisplatin also activates ferroptosis and induces autophagy.
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Ruxolitinib
T1829941678-49-5
Ruxolitinib (INCB018424) is a JAK1 2 inhibitor (IC50=3.3 2.8 nM) that is potent and selective. Rixolitinib exhibits antitumor activity and induces autophagy and apoptosis.
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3-Methyladenine
T18795142-23-4
3-Methyladenine (3-MA) is a PI3K inhibitor that selectively inhibits class IB PI3Kγ (IC50 = 60 μM) and class III VPS34 (IC50 = 25 μM). 3-Methyladenine inhibits autophagy.
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Deferoxamine
T12435870-51-9
Deferoxamine(Desferrioxamine B) is an iron chelator (binds Fe(III) and many other metal cations) that inhibits neuronopathy, may be used to modify the reduction of iron accumulation and deposition in tissues, and may improve neurological dysfunction by inhibiting ferroptosis and neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury.Desferrioxamin-B has antioxidant, antiproliferative, Deferoxamine has antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antitumor activities, and can induce HIF-1α production, apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells.Desferrioxamin-B can be used in the treatment of acute iron toxicity and COVID-19 related diseases.
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Streptozocin
T150718883-66-4
Streptozocin (NSC-85998) is an antibiotic that induces DNA methylation. Streptozocin is toxic to insulin-producing pancreatic islet B-cells and is commonly used in the construction of animal models of type 1 diabetes. The product is unstable in solution and is recommended to be dispensed now.
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Elexacaftor
T149352216712-66-0
Elexacaftor (VX-445) is a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) corrector. It promotes the processing and trafficking of CFTR, increases the amount of CFTR on the cell surface, and improves the processing and trafficking of Phe508del CFTR protein.
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GCN2iB
T113752183470-12-2
GCN2iB is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of serine threonine protein kinase, stress-responsive kinase (GCN2), with IC50 of 2.4 nM.
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Tamoxifen
T690610540-29-1
Tamoxifen (ICI47699) is a selective and orally effective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Tamoxifen has both inhibitory (e.g., mammary cells) and activating (e.g., bone, liver, and uterine cells) activity against estrogens.
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DAPT
T6202208255-80-5
DAPT (LY-374973) is a γ-secretase inhibitor that inhibits total Aβ and Aβ42 (IC50=115/200 nM) and is orally active. DAPT is also a Notch inhibitor. DAPT induces cell differentiation, autophagy and apoptosis.
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Oxaliplatin
T016461825-94-3
Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) is a DNA alkylating agent, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Oxaliplatin causes DNA cross-linking damage, preventing DNA replication and transcription and leading to cell death. Oxaliplatin induces autophagy.
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Mdivi-1
T1907338967-87-6
Mdivi-1 (Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1) is a mitochondrial division inhibitor that inhibits DRP1 and Dynamin I (IC50=1-10 μM). Mdivi-1 inhibits mitochondrial autophagy.
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Capsaicin
T1062404-86-4
Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin) is a natural product extracted from Capsicum annuum, and is a TRPV1 agonist (EC50=0.29 μM). Capsaicin has antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities.
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Resatorvid
TQ0181243984-11-4
Resatorvid (TAK-242), a selective Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor, binds directly to Cys747 to prevent TLR4-TIRAP interaction, thereby blocking downstream signaling. Resatorvid exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities.
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Ruxolitinib phosphate
T30431092939-17-7
Ruxolitinib phosphate (INCB18424 phosphate) is a JAK1 2 inhibitor with IC50 of 3.3 nM 2.8 nM. Its selectivity for JAK1 2 is more than 130 times that of JAK3.
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(+)-JQ-1
T21101268524-70-4
(+)-JQ-1 (JQ1) is a specific, reversible BET bromine domain inhibitor that targets BRD4 (1 2) with IC50 values of 77 33 nM. (+)-JQ-1 induces cell autophagy and inhibits cell proliferation.
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Bortezomib
T2399179324-69-7
Bortezomib (LDP 341) is a 20S proteasome inhibitor (Ki=0.6 nM) that is reversible and selective. Bortezomib has antitumor activity and inhibits NF-κB, which can disrupt the cell cycle and induce apoptosis.
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MK-2206 dihydrochloride
T19521032350-13-2
MK-2206 dihydrochloride (MK-2206 2HCl) is a variant Akt inhibitor that inhibits Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3 (IC50=8 12 65 nM) with orally active, highly potent and selective potency. MK-2206 dihydrochloride exhibits antitumor activity.
  • $30
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Temozolomide
T117885622-93-1
Temozolomide (TMZ) is a DNA alkylating agent with blood-brain barrier permeability and oral activity. Temozolomide has antitumor activity and antiangiogenic activity, and also induces apoptosis and autophagy. Temozolomide is stable under acidic conditions and hydrolyzes under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions.
  • $42
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Metformin
T8526657-24-9
Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) is an AMPK activator with blood-brain barrier permeability. Metformin may improve glycemic control by increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal glucose uptake, and is commonly used in type 2 diabetes research.
  • $39
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GSK2606414
T26141337531-36-8
GSK2606414 is a cell-permeable and orally active protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK)inhibitor with IC50 of 0.4 nM. GSK2606414 inhibits PERK activation in cells and suppresses the growth of human tumor xenografts in mice.
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Regorafenib
T1792755037-03-7
Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506) is an orally active, multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits RET, C-RAF, VEGFR2, c-Kit, VEGFR1, and PDGFRβ, exhibiting both antitumor and anti-angiogenic activity.
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Fulvestrant
T2146129453-61-8
Fulvestrant (ZM 182780) is an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist (IC50=9.4 nM) and an agonist of GPR30. Fulvestrant has antitumor activity, inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis and autophagy.
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LY294002
T2008154447-36-6
LY294002 (SF 1101) is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of PI3K, inhibiting PI3Kα, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kβ (IC50=0.5/0.57/0.97 μM). LY294002 is also an inhibitor of DNA-PK (IC50=1.4 μM) and an inhibitor of CK2 (IC50=98 nM). LY294002 activates apoptosis and autophagy.
  • $34
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Vitamin B3-d4
T8530866148-15-0
Vitamin B3-d4 (Nicotinic acid-(ring-d4)) is the deuterium substitute for Niacin and is used to track Niacin metabolism in the body.
  • $73
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ABT-737
T2099852808-04-9
ABT-737 is a BH3 mimetic and an inhibitor of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-w (EC50=30.3 nM 78.7 nM 197.8 nM). ABT-737 exhibits antitumor activity and anti-aging activity.
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Spautin-1
T19371262888-28-7
Spautin-1 is an autophagy inhibitor that suppresses the deubiquitination activity of ubiquitin-specific peptidase USP10 and USP13. Spautin-1 inhibits UPR and exhibits preferential cytotoxicity in glucose-starved cancer cells.
  • $33
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Tolvaptan
T2326150683-30-0
Tolvaptan (OPC-41061) is an orally bioavailable, selective, arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (V2, AVPR2) antagonist that can be used to treat hyponatremia.
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Sorafenib
T0093L284461-73-0
Sorafenib (Bay 43-9006) is a multikinase inhibitor that targets Raf-1, B-Raf, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, VEGFR4, PDGFRβ, FLT3, c-Kit, and others (IC50=6 22 90 15 20 20 57 58 nM) with oral activity. It exhibits antitumor properties and can induce autophagy, apoptosis, and agonistic iron death.
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Gemcitabine
T025195058-81-4
Gemcitabine (LY188011) is a synthetic cytosine nucleoside derivative and an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Gemcitabine has antitumor and antimetabolic activities. Gemcitabine induces autophagy and apoptosis.
  • $34
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(E)-Daporinad
T2644658084-64-1
(E)-Daporinad (FK866) is a highly specific, non-competitive small molecule inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) with potential anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activities with an IC50 value of 0.09 nM.
  • $36
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740 Y-P
TQ00031236188-16-1
740 Y-P (740YPDGFR) is a potent and cell-permeable activator of PI3K.
  • $89
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Brefeldin A
T606220350-15-6
Brefeldin A (Cyanein) belongs to the class of macrolide antibiotics and is an ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.2 μM). Brefeldin A can induce tumor cell differentiation and apoptosis, and also possesses autophagy inhibitory activity.
  • $34
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Necrostatin-1
T18474311-88-0
Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) is a specific RIP1 inhibitor and necrotic apoptosis inhibitor, which inhibits TNF-α-induced necrotic apoptosis and also inhibits IDO.
  • $30
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Flavopiridol hydrochloride
T2615131740-09-5
Flavopiridol hydrochloride (MDL 107826A) is a synthetic N-methylpiperidinyl chlorophenyl flavone compound. As an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase, alvocidib induces cell cycle arrest by preventing phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and by down-regulating cyclin D1 and D3 expression, resulting in G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This agent is also a competitive inhibitor of adenosine triphosphate activity.
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Myricetin
T0579529-44-2
Myricetin (Cannabiscetin) is a natural flavonoid and MEK1 inhibitor. Myricetin has hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities.
  • $30
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Deferoxamine Mesylate
T1637138-14-7
Deferoxamine Mesylate (DFOM) is an iron chelator and ferroptosis inhibitor. Deferoxamine Mesylate binds free iron into a stable complex and reduces iron accumulation. Deferoxamine Mesylate up-regulates HIF-1α levels and induces apoptosis.
  • $31
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