Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a commonly used solvent to dissolve polar and non-polar compounds. Dimethyl sulfoxide has been widely used for masterbatch preparation of compounds in biological experiments. Dimethyl sulfoxide has bacteriostatic activity.

Neomycin sulfate (Framycin sulfate) is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic that blocks the synthesis of bacterial proteins in order to exert antimicrobial activity. Neomycin sulfate is commonly used to screen prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells for Neo resistance genes.

Tributyrin (Glyceryl tributyrate), a neutral short-chain fatty acid triglyceride, is a stable and rapidly absorbed prodrug of Butyric Acid. It diffuses through biological membranes and is metabolized by intracellular lipases, releasing effective butyrate directly into cells in vivo, exhibiting potent proapoptotic, antiproliferative, and differentiation-inducing effects.

Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 4500-5500) is an anhydrous glucose polymer with a molecular weight range of 4500-5500. It inhibits human immunodeficiency virus replication by preventing viral adsorption to host cells and is commonly used to model inflammatory bowel disease. The high negative charge from its sulfate groups damages the intestinal mucosal barrier, leading to intestinal barrier dysfunction, macrophage impairment, and bacterial flora disorder.