Antibiotic

Bafilomycin A1 belongs to the macrolide class of antibiotics and is a V-ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.44 nM) that is specific and reversible. Bafilomycin A1 is an inhibitor of the late phase of autophagy, blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Bafilomycin A1 also induces apoptosis.

Bleomycin Sulfate (Blenoxane) is a glycopeptide antibiotic, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Bleomycin Sulfate causes DNA strand breaks but not RNA strand breaks. Bleomycin Sulfate has antitumor activity.

Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) belongs to the anthracycline class of antibiotics and is an inhibitor of human DNA topoisomerase I II (IC50=0.8 2.67 μM). Doxorubicin hydrochloride exhibits cytotoxicity and antitumor activity. Doxorubicin hydrochloride reduces the phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target protein acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, and induces apoptosis and autophagy.

Puromycin dihydrochloride (CL13900 dihydrochloride) is a cinnamamide adenosine antibiotic and an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Puromycin dihydrochloride inhibits protein synthesis by binding to RNA and has antitumor and antitrypanosomal activity.

Sinefungin (Adenosyl-Ornithine) is an effective inhibitor of virion mRNA(guanine-7-)-methyltransferase, mRNA(nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferase, and viral multiplication. Sinefungin is a SET7 9 inhibitor and ameliorates renal fibrosis by inhibiting H3K4 methylation.

Tunicamycin is a mixture of antibiotics that inhibit N-linked glycosylation by blocking GlcNAc phosphotransferase (GPT). Tunicamycin has antitumor activity, as well as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activity.

Streptozocin (NSC-85998) is an antibiotic that induces DNA methylation. Streptozocin is toxic to insulin-producing pancreatic islet B-cells and is commonly used in the construction of animal models of type 1 diabetes. The product is unstable in solution and is recommended to be dispensed now.

Linvencorvir is a hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein variant modifier used to treat chronic HBV infection.

Staurosporine (AM-2282) is a protein kinase inhibitor with ATP-competitive and non-selective inhibitory activity (IC50=6 15 2 3 3000 nM) against PKC, PKA, c-Fgr, phosphorylase kinase and TAOK2. Staurosporine also induces apoptosis.

Duocarmycin TM is a DNA alkylator. Duocarmycin TM is an exceptionally potent antitumor antibiotic.

NITD-916 is an orally active and highly lipophilic inhibitor of Mycobacterium enoyl reductase InhA with an IC50 of 570 nM.NITD-916 is a potent 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone derivative that forms a ternary complex with InhA and NADH, preventing access to the fatty acyl substrate-binding pocket.NITD-916 exhibits antituberculosis activity.

Anisomycin (NSC-76712) is an antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.

Doxycycline (Doxiciclina) belongs to the tetracycline class of antibiotics and is a broad-spectrum metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor with oral activity. Doxycycline has antibacterial activity and antitumor activity.

Thiolutin (Acetopyrrothin) is an inhibitor of endothelial cell adhesion and produced by Streptomyces. Thiolutin shows antibiotic and anti-angiogenic properties. Thiolutin induces the phosphorylation of Hsp27 rapidly.

Methicillin sodium salt is the sodium salt form of methicillin, a semisynthetic beta-lactam penicillin antibiotic with beta-lactamase resistant activity.

Hygromycin B (Hygrovetine) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with translocation and causing mistranslation of the 70S ribosome. Hygromycin B can be used to screen prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells transfected with hph or hyg resistance genes.

Brefeldin A (Cyanein) belongs to the class of macrolide antibiotics and is an ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.2 μM). Brefeldin A can induce tumor cell differentiation and apoptosis, and also possesses autophagy inhibitory activity.

Lanopepden (GSK 1322322) is a potent peptide deformylase inhibitor effective against Staphylococcus aureus strains ATCC 29213 and ATCC 25923, and is applicable in the study of pneumonia, dermatological, and infectious diseases.

Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist and IL receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties that induces autophagy and inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages.

Moiramide B is a potent acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor (IC50:6 nM) with antimicrobial activity, strongly inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria but weakly inhibiting Gram-negative bacteria.

Tacrolimus (Fujimycin) can bind FKBP12 to form a high-affinity complex (Ki: 0.2 nM) which inhibits the activity of the calcium calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase.

Avibactam sodium (NXL-104) is a non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor that inhibits TEM-1, P99, and KPC-2 β-lactamases (IC50=8 80 38 nM) covalently and reversibly. Avibactam sodium has antimicrobial activity and can be used to treat urinary tract infections.

Cefuzonam is a novel cephalosporin with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity that can be used in studies of respiratory tract infections, tonsillitis, and hepatobiliary infections.

Wortmannin (SL-2052) is a PI3K inhibitor (IC50=3 nM) that is covalent and irreversible. Wortmannin is also an inhibitor of PlK1 and PlK3 (IC50=5.8 48 nM) that blocks autophagy.

Micafungin sodium (FK 463) is the sodium salt form of micafungin, a semi-synthetic echinocandin derived from a natural product of the fungus Coleophoma empetri with antifungal activity.

Azithromycin (CP 62993) is an antibiotic by inhibiting protein synthesis, used for the treatment of bacterial infections.

Lasalocid sodium (Lasalocid-A sodium) is a cationic ionophore antibiotic derived from Streptomyces lasaliensis that disrupts calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is primarily used as a coccidiostat, particularly in poultry.

DuP 105 is an oral oxazolidinone, a novel synthetic antimicrobial compound effective against gram-positive bacteria.

Ceftaroline fosamil (TAK-599) is a cephalosporin, with activity against Gram-positive pathogens.

Sanfetrinem (GV104326) sodium is a novel orally available β-lactamase antibiotic that shows significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and can be used in the study of bacterial infections.

Oligomycin A (MCH 32) is an inhibitor of ATP synthase, inhibits oxidative phosphorylation and all the ATP-dependent processes occurring on the coupling membrane of mitochondria.

Caspofungin Acetate (MK 0991) is the acetate salt of an antimycotic echinocandin lipopeptide, semisynthetically derived from a fermentation product of the fungus Glarea lozoyensis. This agent is active against Aspergillus and Candida species.

Tanespimycin (KOS 953) (17-AAG) is an inhibitor of Hsp90 that selectively inhibits BT474 tumor cell Hsp90 (IC50: 5 nM).

Leptomycin B (LMB) is a potent inhibitor of the nuclear export of proteins and is a potent antifungal antibiotic blocking the eukaryotic cell cycle. Leptomycin B inactivates CRM1 exportin 1 by covalent modification at a cysteine residue.

Linezolid (PNU-100766), the first of the oxazolidinone class, is a synthetic antibiotic used for the therapy of infections resulted from multi-resistant bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and streptococcus. The drug takes effect as the inhibitor of the initiation of bacterial protein synthesis.

Aztreonam (SQ-26,776), a monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum, possesses bactericidal activity.

Cycloheximide (Naramycin A) is a natural product that reversibly inhibits translation elongation, is an antimitotic compound, and is an inhibitor of DNA and protein synthesis.

Ertapenem sodium (MK-826) is a new long-acting 1-β-methyl carbapenem antibiotic with a broad antibacterial spectrum including common aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and organisms with extended-spectrum β-lactamases.

Minocycline hydrochloride (Minocycline HCl) is a tetracycline antibiotic with excellent absorption and tissue penetration that is used for several bacterial infections as well as treatment of acne. Minocycline hydrochloride can cause both an acute hepatitis-like syndrome occurring within 1 to 3 months of starting therapy or a more insidious chronic hepatitis with autoimmune features typically after long-term treatment.

Meropenem (SM 7338) is a broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic administered intravenously for severe bacterial infections caused by sensitive agents. It commonly causes mild, transient aminotransferase elevations and can rarely lead to clinically apparent cholestatic liver injury.

Tetracycline (Tetracyclin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with inhibitory activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as Mycoplasma, Mycoplasma, and Rickettsia. Tetracycline is commonly used in anti-infective studies.

Cephapirin Benzathine is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, first-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity.

Doxycycline hyclate (WC2031) belongs to the tetracycline class of antibiotics and is a broad-spectrum metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor with oral activity. Doxycycline hyclate has antibacterial activity and antitumor activity.

TBAJ-587 is a potent anti-tuberculosis agent. TBAJ-587 inhibits M.tb strain H37Rv growth with MIC90s of 0.006 and <0.02 µg/mL in MABA and LORA assay, respectively. BAJ-587 has more potent activity against M. tuberculosis and better efficacy in animal mode

Anidulafungin (Ecalta) (LY303366) is an echinocandin derivative used as an antifungal drug. It inhibits glucan synthase activity.

Puromycin aminonucleoside (NSC-3056) increases podocyte permeability by modulating ZO-1 in an oxidative stress-dependent manner.

Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits the biosynthesis of bacterial proteins. Chloramphenicol acts primarily on the 50S subunit of the bacterial 70S ribosome and is active against peptidyltransferases, inhibiting the formation of peptide bonds.

Tigecycline (GAR-936) is a broad-spectrum glycylcycline antibiotic derived from tetracycline that binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, disrupting the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex.