Naftifine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of naftifine, an allylamine derivate with synthetic broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Although the exact mechanism through which naftifine hydrochloride exerts its effect is unknown, it appears to selectively inhibit the enzyme squalene 2, 3-epoxidase, thereby inhibiting the biosynthesis of sterol. This results in a decreased amount of sterols, especially ergosterol which is the primary fungal membrane sterol, and a corresponding accumulation of squalene in fungal cells. Naftifine hydrochloride (Naftifine HCl) can be fungicidal as well as fungistatic to yeasts depending on the concentration and the organisms involved.

Naftifine demonstrates a broad in vitro activity spectrum against dermatophytes (38 strains; MIC 0.1 to 0.2 mg/mL), aspergilli (6 strains; MIC 0.8 to 12.5 mg/mL), Sporothrix schenckii (2 strains; MIC 0.8 and 1.5 mg/mL), and Candida yeasts (77 strains; MIC 1.5 to >100 mg/mL). [1] For C. albicans Δ63, the MIC is 100 mg/L in Sabouraud medium (initial pH 6.5). At 50 mg/L, naftifine inhibits sterol biosynthesis by over 99% in both whole cells and cell extracts of C. albicans. Its primary mode of action is blocking fungal squalene epoxidation. [2]

Naftifine HCl 2% cream results in clinical cure rate and clinical success rate of 33% and 84% after treatment for 4 weeks, and week 2 efficacy response rates in Naftifine HCl 2% subjects are all lower than at week 4 but are significantly higher than week 2 vehicle-treated counterparts. [3] Naftifine causes interruption of fungal ergosterol synthesis and accumulation of squalene in fungal organisms. Naftifine also has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties such as a reduction in superoxide production and a reduction in polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis/endothelial adhesion. Naftifine has shown good efficacy and safety for a variety of conditions and is a useful treatment that provides both antifungal action and relief of inflammatory signs and symptoms. Few adverse events have been noted with naftifine use, the most frequent being mild and transient burning, stinging, or itching in the application area. [4]