Diaminopimelic acid or DAPA is a lysine-like amino acid derivative that is a key component of the bacterial cell wall. DAPA is incorporated or integrated into peptidoglycan of gram negative bacteria and is the attachment point for Braun's lipoprotein (BLP or Murein Lipoprotein). BLP is found in gram-negative cell walls and is one of the most abundant membrane proteins. BLP is bound at its C-terminal end (a lysine) by a covalent bond to the peptidoglycan layer (specifically to diaminopimelic acid molecules) and is embedded in the outer membrane by its hydrophobic head (a cysteine with lipids attached). BLP tightly links the two layers and provides structural integrity to the bacterial outer membrane. Diaminopimelic acid can be found in human urine or feces due to the lysis or enzymatic breakdown of gram negative gut microbes.

Ethynyl estradiol is a semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.

Phytic acid dipotassium salt is an endogenous metabolite that inhibits β-secretase 1 (BACE1).

Ovalbumins is the main protein found in egg whites. Ovalbumins have various biological activities such as antibacterial, anticancer, antihypertensive, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. Ovalbumins are the most abundant proteins synthesized in estrogen- or progesterone- treated fallopian tubes. Ovalbumins are commonly used as markers to study hormone control of gene expression in fallopian tubes.

Synephrine hydrochloride (Oxedrine hydrochloride) is an agonist that acts on sympathomimetic α-adrenergic receptor (AR).