Oxidoreductases,EC 1

GPX4 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 20.59 kDa and the accession number is P36969.

GPD2 Protein, Candida albicans, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with C-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 42.3 kDa and the accession number is Q59W33.

Catalyzes the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate with quinone as electron acceptor.

This enzyme is required for electron transfer from NADP to cytochrome P450 in microsomes. It can also provide electron transfer to heme oxygenase and cytochrome B5. CYPOR Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-GST tag. The predicted molecular weight is 102.9 kDa and the accession number is P16435.

Catalyzes reversibly the conversion of cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone. Catalyzes reversibly the conversion of 7-ketocholesterol to 7-beta-hydroxycholesterol. In intact cells, the reaction runs only in one direction, from 7-ketocholesterol to 7-beta-hydroxycholesterol. HSD11B1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.5 kDa and the accession number is P28845.

Glutaredoxin-1, also known as GRX1 and GLRX, belongs to theglutaredoxin family. Glutaredoxinsare smallredoxenzymes that useglutathioneas a cofactor. Glutaredoxins are oxidized by substrates, and reduced non-enzymatically by glutathione. Glutaredoxin-1 functions as an electron carrier in the glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. Glutaredoxin-1 exists in either a reduced or an oxidized form. Glutaredoxins function as electron carriers in the glutathione-dependent synthesis ofdeoxyribonucleotidesby the enzymeribonucleotide reductase.

LDHA Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 36.5 kDa and the accession number is P06151.

Thrombopoietin Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 37 kDa and the accession number is P40226-1.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 (ALDH1A1), also known as Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), or Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 (RALDH1), is an enzyme that is expressed at high levels in stem cells and that has been suggested to regulate stem cell function. The retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH) subfamily of ALDHs, composed of ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, ALDH1A3, and ALDH8A1, regulate development by catalyzing retinoic acid biosynthesis. The ALDH1A1 protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenases family of proteins. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is the second enzyme of the major oxidative pathway of alcohol metabolism. ALDH1A1 also belongs to the group of corneal crystallins that help maintain the transparency of the cornea. Increased ALDH1A1 activity has been found in the stem cell populations of leukemia and some solid tumors. In tumor specimens, increased ALDH1A1 immunopositivity was found not only in secretory type cancer epithelial cells but also in neuroendocrine tumor populations. ALDH1 has been identified as a reliable marker of breast cancer stem cells. ALDH1 expression in primary cancer is an independent prognostic factor in node-positive breast cancer patients. ALDH1A1 plays a key role in normal hematopoiesis, and as a TLX1 transcriptional target, ALDH1A1 may contribute to the ability of this homeoprotein to alter cell fate and induce tumor growth.

PTGS2, also known as COX-2, is s component of Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS). PTGS, also known as cyclooxygenase, is the key enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, and acts both as a dioxygenase and as a peroxidase. There are two isozymes of PTGS: a constitutive PTGS1 and an inducible PTGS2, which differ in their regulation of expression and tissue distribution. PTGS2 is overexpressed in many cancers. The overexpression of PTGS2 along with increased angiogenesis and GLUT-1 expression is significantly associated with gallbladder carcinomas. Furthermore the product of COX-2, PGH2 is converted by prostaglandin E2 synthase into PGE2, which in turn can stimulate cancer progression. Consequently inhibiting COX-2 may have benefit in the prevention and treatment of these types of cancer. PTGS2 is regulated by specific stimulatory events, suggesting that it is responsible for the prostanoid biosynthesis involved in inflammation and mitogenesis. It mediates the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonate and may have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and or a role for prostanoid signaling in activity-dependent plasticity.Cancer ImmunotherapyImmune CheckpointImmunotherapyTargeted Therapy

Aromatase CYP19A1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli.

AKR1C3, is an enzyme which belongs to the aldo keto reductase family. It is expressed in many tissues including adrenal gland, brain, kidney, liver, lung, mammary gland, placenta, small intestine, colon, spleen, prostate and testis. AKR1C3 catalyzes the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols. It catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGH2 and phenanthrenequinone (PQ) and the oxidation of 9-alpha,11-beta-PGF2 to PGD2,which functions as a bi-directional 3-alpha-, 17-beta- and 20-alpha HSD. It can interconvert active androgens, estrogens and progestins with their cognate inactive metabolites.

MAOB Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli.

Involved in the control of reactive oxygen species levels and the regulation of mitochondrial redox homeostasis. Maintains thioredoxin in a reduced state. May play a role in redox-regulated cell signaling.

Critical component of the membrane-bound oxidase of phagocytes that generates superoxide. It is the terminal component of a respiratory chain that transfers single electrons from cytoplasmic NADPH across the plasma membrane to molecular oxygen on the exterior. Also functions as a voltage-gated proton channel that mediates the H(+) currents of resting phagocytes. It participates in the regulation of cellular pH and is blocked by zinc.

Malate Dehydrogenase, Cytoplasmic (MDH1) is an enzyme which belongs to the MDH Type 2 sub-family of LDH MDH superfamily. MDH1 is involved in the Citric Acid Cycle that catalyzes the conversion of Malate into Oxaloacetate (using NAD+) and vice versa. MDH1 should not be confused with Malic Enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of Malate to Pyruvate, producing NADPH. MDH1 also participates in Gluconeogenesis, the synthesis of Glucose from smaller molecules. Pyruvate in the mitochondria is acted upon by Pyruvate Carboxylase to form Pxaloacetate, a Citric Acid Cycle intermediate. In order to transport the Oxaloacetate out of the Mitochondria, Malate Dehydrogenase reduces it to Malate, and it then traverses the inner Mitochondrial membrane. Once in the cytosol, the Malate is oxidized back to Oxaloacetate by MDH1. Finally, Phosphoenol-Pyruvate Carboxy Kinase (PEPCK) converts Oxaloacetate to Phosphoenol Pyruvate.

ALKBH5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 48.2 kDa and the accession number is Q6P6C2.

Thioredoxin Domain-Containing Protein 12 belongs to the thioredoxin superfamily. In this family, proteins possess a thioredoxin fold with a consensus active-site sequence (CxxC) and have roles in redox regulation, defense against oxidative stress, refolding of disulfide-containing proteins, and regulation of transcription factors. TXNDC12 is widely expressed in many tissues and contains one thioredoxin domain.

Glucose-6-Phosphate 1-Dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a cytosolic enzyme that belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase family. G6PD participates in the pentose phosphate pathway that supplies reducing energy to cells by maintaining the level of the co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). G6PD produces pentose sugars for nucleic acid synthesis and main producer of NADPH reducing power. NADPH in turn maintains the level of glutathione in these cells that helps protect the red blood cells against oxidative damage. It is notable in humans that G6PD is remarkable for its genetic diversity. G6PD deficiency may cause neonatal jaundice, acute hemolysis, or severe chronic non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia.

NQO1 gene is a member of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) family and encodes a cytoplasmic 2-electron reductase. NQO1 forms homodimers and reduces quinones to hydroquinones. NQO1's enzymatic activity prevents the one-electron reduction of quinones that results in the production of radical species. Mutations in the NQO1 gene have been associated with tardive dyskinesia (TD), an increased risk of hematotoxicity after exposure to benzene, and susceptibility to various forms of cancer. Altered expression of NQO1 has been seen in many tumors and is also associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. Recent pharmacological research suggests the feasibility of genotype-directed redox chemotherapeutic intervention targeting NQO1 breast cancer, a common missense genotype encoding a functionally impaired NQO1 protein.

SCD1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 18.4 kDa and the accession number is P13516.

Catalyzes the conversion of (3S)-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) to mevalonic acid, the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cholesterol and other isoprenoids, thus plays a critical role in cellular cholesterol homeostasis. HMGCR is the main target of statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs.

ALDH1A3 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 56.94 kDa and the accession number is Q9JHW9.

MSRB3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 43.7 kDa and the accession number is Q8IXL7-1.

Thrombomodulin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 53.54 kDa and the accession number is P07204.

MPO (myeloperoxidase) is a peroxidase enzyme secreted by activated leukocytes that plays a pathogenic role in cardiovascular disease, mainly by initiating endothelial dysfunction. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an important enzyme, which is one of the components of the antibacterial system in neutrophils and monocytes. MPO participates in the inflammatory response in multiple locations in the body, including the mammary glands. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a specific polymorphonuclear leukocyte enzyme, has been used previously to quantify the number of neutrophils in tissue. MPO activity was found to be linearly related to the number of neutrophil cells. The MPO system plays an important role in the control of infections and the deletion of malignant cells. Nevertheless, alternations in the MPO system can lead to DNA damage and carcinogenesis. Polymorphisms in the MPO gene have been associated with an increased expression of MPO and a higher risk for the development of cancer. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is one of the major target antigens of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) found in patients with small-vessel vasculitis and Pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis. Myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) is an autoantibody that is frequently found in patients with vasculitides.

Alterations in GFER gene have been associated with progressive mitochondrial myopathy, congenital cataracts, hearing loss, developmental delay, lactic acidosis and respiratory chain deficiency in 3 siblings born to consanguineous Moroccan parents by homozygosity mapping and candidate gene approach. Using homozygosity mapping, we discovered that a mutation in the GFER gene causes an infantile mitochondrial disorder.

GFOD2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 41.2 kDa and the accession number is Q9CYH5.

Biliverdin reductase (hBVR) is a serine threonine kinase that catalyzes reduction of the heme oxygenase (HO) activity product, biliverdin, to bilirubin. BVR consists of an N-terminal dinucleotide-binding domain (Rossmann-fold) and a C-terminal domain that contains a six-stranded β-sheet that is flanked on one face by several α-helices. The C-terminal and N-terminal domains interact extensively, forming the active site cleft at their interface. Biliverdin reductase (BVR) catalyzes the last step in heme degradation by reducing the γ-methene bridge of the open tetrapyrrole, biliverdin IXα, to bilirubin with the concomitant oxidation of a β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) or β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) cofactor. It is now recognized that human BVR (hBVR) is a dual-specificity kinase (Ser Thr and Tyr) upstream activator of the insulin insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Human BVR (hBVR) is essential for MAPK-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1 2 (MEK)-eukaryotic-like protein kinase (Elk) signaling and has been identified as the cytoplasm-nuclear heme transporter of ERK1 2 and hematin, the key components of stress-responsive gene expression.

BBOX1, also known as gamma-BBH, belongs to thegamma-BBH TMLD family. It is highly expressed in kidney and moderately expressed in liver. BBOX1 catalyzes the formation of L-carnitine from gamma-butyrobetaine, the last step in the L-carnitine biosynthetic pathway. Carnitine is essential for the transport of activated fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane during mitochondrial beta-oxidation. BBOX1 is an inhibition target for mildronate which can be used to treatanginaandmyocardial infarction. Mildronate may also be beneficial for the treatment ofneurological disorder,diabetes, andseizures andalcohol intoxication.

HSD17B14 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 29.8 kDa and the accession number is A0A140VJH8.

LOX Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & MBP) is expressed in Baculovirus.

Thioredoxin-Dependent Peroxide Reductase Mitochondrial (PRDX3) is an enzyme that belongs to the AhpC TSA family. Human and mouse PRDX3 genes are highly conserved, and they map to the regions syntenic between mouse and human chromosomes. Human PRDX3 protein has an antioxidant function and is localized in the mitochondrion. PRDX3 is involved in redox regulation of the cell. PRDX3 protects radical-sensitive enzymes from oxidative damage by a radical-generating system. It acts synergistically with MAP3K13 to regulate the activation of NF-kappa-B in the cytosol.

Regulates the level of the neuromodulator D-serine in the brain. Has high activity towards D-DOPA and contributes to dopamine synthesis. Could act as a detoxifying agent which removes D-amino acids accumulated during aging. Acts on a variety of D-amino acids with a preference for those having small hydrophobic side chains followed by those bearing polar, aromatic, and basic groups. Does not act on acidic amino acids. DAO Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.8 kDa and the accession number is O35078.

FADS2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 30.9 kDa and the accession number is O95864.

JBP1 Protein, Leishmania infantum, Recombinant (His & V5) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis-V5 tag. The predicted molecular weight is 53.4 kDa and the accession number is A4HU70.

Protect the extracellular space from toxic effect of reactive oxygen intermediates by converting superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. SOD3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 28.1 kDa and the accession number is P08294.

Polyphenol oxidase 2 Protein, Agaricus bisporus, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 51.0 kDa and the accession number is O42713.

Serves as the first electron transfer protein in all the mitochondrial P450 systems including cholesterol side chain cleavage in all steroidogenic tissues, steroid 11-beta hydroxylation in the adrenal cortex, 25-OH-vitamin D3-24 hydroxylation in the kidney, and sterol C-27 hydroxylation in the liver. FDXR Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 61.6 kDa and the accession number is P22570.

MICAL2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Yeast.

Catalyzes one step in the degradation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

PLOD3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 85.9 kDa and the accession number is O60568.

ADH5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli.

Catalase (CAT) is a member of the catalase family. It exists as a homotetramer that occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Catalase is localized in the peroxisome. Catalase promotes growth of cells including T-cells, B-cells, myeloid leukemia cells, melanoma cells, mastocytoma cells, and normal and transformed fibroblast cells. Defects in CAT are the cause of acatalasemia which is characterized by absence of catalase activity in red cells and is associated with ulcerating oral lesions.

Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of all-trans-retinol and its derivatives such as all-trans-4-hydroxyretinol and may participate in retinoid metabolism. In vitro can also catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of all-trans-retinal and its derivatives such as all-trans-4-oxoretinal. Catalyzes in the oxidative direction with higher efficiency. Has the same affinity for all-trans-4-hydroxyretinol and all-trans-4-oxoretinal. ADH1B Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis-SUMO tag. The predicted molecular weight is 55.7 kDa and the accession number is P00325.

Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. SOD1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in yeast with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 17.8 kDa and the accession number is P08228.

Alcohol dehydrogenase class 4 mu sigma chain (ADH7) is a cytoplasm enzyme which is a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase family. The expression of this gene makes it much more abundant in the stomach than the liver, thus it differs from the other known gene family members. ADH7 may participate in the synthesis of retinoic acid, a hormone important for cellular differentiation. Medium-chain (octanol) and aromatic (m-nitrobenzaldehyde) compounds are the best substrates. Ethanol is not a good substrate but at the high ethanol concentrations reached in the digestive tract, it plays a role in the ethanol oxidation and contributes to the first pass ethanol metabolism.

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD2) is a number of the iron manganese superoxide dismutase family. SOD2 is a mitochondrial protein that forms a homotetramer and binds one manganese ion per subunit. The SOD2 protein transforms toxic superoxide and a byproduct of the mitochondrial electron transport chain into hydrogen peroxide and diatomic oxygen. Genetic variation in SOD2 is associated with microvascular complications of diabetes type 6 (MVCD6), idiopathic cardiomyopathy (IDC), sporadic motor neuron disease, and cancer. SOD2 destroys superoxide anion radicals which are usually produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.