Virus Protease

Phenytoin sodium (Diphantoine) is an inactive stabilizer for voltage-gated sodium channel .

Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate is an anionic surfactant having anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities.

4-Phenylbutyric acid (Benzenebutyric acid) is an inhibitor of HDAC,and is an antineoplastic agent.

Aloperine exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-tumor properties.

Bergenin (Bengenin) is a polyphenol, which is an effective antinarcotic agent with antioxidant action.

(-)-Epicatechin gallate ((-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate) is one of the catechin isomers and a potent antioxidant that can modulate a wide range of membrane proteins. Its bilayer-modifying potency was tested using gramicidin A (gA) channels as probes. All the catechins alter gA channel function and modify bilayer properties, with a 500-fold range in potency. The gallate group causes current block, as evident by brief downward current transitions.

2-Phenylethanol (Phenylethanol) is an antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant. It is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.

Danthron (Antrapurol) is a natural product, regulates glucose, and lipid metabolism by activating AMPK.

EIDD-1931 (Beta-d-N4-hydroxycytidine) is a ribonucleoside analog with antiviral activity.It inhibits replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in Vero 76 cells, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Calu-3 2B4 cells, and SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells (IC50s =0.1, 0.15 and 0.3 μM, respectively)

Flaviviruses-IN-2 is a potent flaviviruses inhibitor. Flaviviruses-IN-2 reduces West Nile virus (WNV) protease activity and inhibits WNV by 56%.

Denv-in-5 is an effective and selective dengue virus (DENV) inhibitor with EC50 values of 1.47, 9.23, 7.08, 8.91 μM for denV-I-IV and 0.1512 μM for HIV-1IIIB.

Novobiocin is an orally active and potent antibiotic.Novobiocin is a DNA gyrase inhibitor and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) antagonist with inhibitory effects on gyrase and Hsp90. Novobiocin has anti-positive activity and can be used to study highly resistant pneumococcal infections.

Cephaeline hydrochloride, a phenolic alkaloid found in Indian Ipecac, effectively inhibits the infection of viruses ZIKV and EBOV.

LabMol-319 is a potent Zika virus (ZIKV) NS5 RdRp inhibitor with antiviral activity for the study of ZIKV virus.

(+)-JNJ-A07 is a pan-serotypic dengue virus inhibitor that targets NS3-NS4B interaction with high potency. (+)-JNJ-A07 has antiviral activity and can be used to study dengue virus infections.

ZINC03129319 is an inhibitor of dengue virus (DENV) NS2B-NS3 protease.

QL-X-138 is a potent and selective BTK and MNK dual kinase inhibitor that binds covalently to BTK and non-covalently to MNK.The IC 50 s of QL-X-138 against BTK, MNK1 and MNK2 kinases are 9.4 nM, 107.4 nM and 26 nM, respectively.The IC 50 s of QL-X-138 against Dengue 2 is 3.5 μM.QL-X-138 is used in the study of B-cell malignancies. QL-X-138 inhibits dengue virus 2 with an IC 50 of 3.5 μM. QL-X-138 can be used in the study of B-cell malignant tumors.

Lycorine hydrochloride (Narcissine hydrochloride) is VE-cadherin inhibitor,and has IC50 of 1.2μM in Hey1B cell.It is an HCV inhibitor with strong activity.

Dynasore (Dynamin Inhibitor I), a cell-permeable chemical, can reversibly and non-competitivity inhibit GTPase activity of dynamin 1/2 (IC50: 15 μM in a cell-free assay). It also inhibits the mitochondrial dynamin Drp1, with no effect against other small GTPase.

Lanatoside C (Ceglunate) is a cardiac glycoside, a type of drug that can be used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat). Lanatoside C can be used orally or by the intravenous route.

Ebselen (CCG-39161) is a organoselenium compound with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and cytoprotective activity. Ebselen acts as a glutathione peroxidase mimetic and is thereby able to prevent cellular damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, this agent inhibits the activity of a variety of enzymes including nitric oxide synthase (NOS), 5-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, protein kinase C (PKC), NADPH oxidase and gastric H+/K+-ATPase. Furthermore, ebselen may be neuroprotective due to its ability to neutralize free radicals upon NMDA receptor activation thus, reducing lipoperoxidation mediated by glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.

Carmofur (HCFU) is a highly potent acid ceramidase inhibitor, used in the treatment of breast and colorectal cancer. Carmofur has been known to induce leukoencephalopathy.

LY2334737 is an orally available prodrug of gemcitabine with antineoplastic activity.

Vorinostat (SAHA) is a pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor (IC50=10 nM) with inhibitory activity against HDAC1/2/3/6/7/11. Vorinostat has antitumor activity, induces cell differentiation, blocks the cell cycle and induces apoptosis.

Glycyrrhizic acid (Glycyrrhizin) is a triterpenoid saponinl with anti-tumor and anti-diabetic activities.

Brequinar (NSC-368390) is a potent inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, with potent activities against a broad spectrum of viruses.

Artesunate (WR-256283) is part of the artemisinin group of drugs that treat malaria. It is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin that is water-soluble and may therefore be given by injection. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Tubacin is a highly potent and selective, reversible, cell-permeable HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 4 nM, approximately 350-fold selectivity over HDAC1.

SID-852843 is a WNV NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.105 μM for WNV NS2B-NS3 protease.SID-852843 can be used for the study of viral infections.

Mavrilimumab (CAM 3001) is a monoclonal antibody with antiviral activity that has an affinity for the α subunit of the granulocytic-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor and blocks downstream intracellular signaling of GM-CSF. GM-CSF may be associated with an overactive inflammatory response associated with respiratory failure and death, and could be used to study rheumatoid arthritis.

LASV inhibitor 3.3 is an inhibitor of Lassa fever virus (LASV) targeting lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), a host factor that binds to the LASV glycoprotein (GP) during infection.

Compound 11, also known as NS2B-NS3pro-IN-2, functions as an inhibitor of the Zika Virus NS2B-NS3 protease and exhibits antiviral properties at a concentration of 50 μM [1].

β-Herpesvirus protease-IN-1 (compound 19) serves as an inhibitor of β-herpesvirus protease, exhibiting IC50 values of 2.5 μM for HCMVPro and 0.33 μM for HHV6Pro [1].

NS2B-NS3pro-IN-1, a potent Zika Virus NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitor, exhibits an EC50 of 50 μM and is significant in the ZIKV replication cycle [1].

Andecaliximab is a recombinant IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeting matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). Andecaliximab showed antifibrotic effects in a mouse model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Andecaliximab can be used to study gastric adenocarcinoma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), as well as dengue virus.

(Rac)-Golgicide A ((Rac)-GCA) is a racemate of Golgicide A. It is used in the manufacture of Golgicide A.

Anthraquinone (Anthradione)s are the main active constituents in herbs often used to relieve constipation.

SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro-IN-15 (compound a), a beta-nitrostyrene derivative, acts as an inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease (3CLpro), effectively inhibiting viral replication and transcription. It is instrumental in the identification of potential anti-COVID-19 lead compounds [1].

Flaviviruses-IN-3 (compound 87) is a potent inhibitor of flaviviruse. Flaviviruses-IN-3 could reduce the WNV (West Nile virus) protease activity, with a inhibition of 54%.

Lirilumab (IPH2102) is an antibody against the lethal immunoglobulin-like receptor antibody KIR2D with antitumor activity that enhances the anti-HPV + cervical cancer activity of natural killer cells through VAV1-dependent NF-κB deinhibition. It can be used to study leukemia, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCCHN).

Trachelogenin ((-)-Trachelogenin), isolated from Combretum fruticosum, is an HCV entry inhibitor with anti-proliferative effects. Its mechanism is related to affecting the phosphorylation of key proteins such as β-Catenin, c-Myc and GSK3 in the β-Catenin signaling pathway. chemical and concentration-dependent. Trachelogenin has antiviral, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities with IC50 of 0.325 and 0.259 μg/mL in HCVcc and HCVpp models, respectively.

Pirodavir (R77975) (R 77975), the prototype of broad-spectrum anti-picornavirus compounds, is a potent human rhinovirus (HRV) capsid-binding inhibitor.

Ibuzatrelvir (PF-07817883) is an antiviral compound designed to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease, and is utilized in the treatment of COVID-19 [1].

SP187 (MON-DNJ) is a host-targeted iminosugar. It has anti-filovirus infection activity.SP187 is used for therapeutic use against influenza and dengue viruses.

Golgicide A is a potent and rapidly reversible GBF1 inhibitor.

Norwogonin (5,7,8-Trihydroxyflavone), isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, possesses antiviral activity against Enterovirus 71 (IC50: 31.83 μg/ml).

Pleconaril (VP 63843) is a capsid inhibitor used previously to treat enterovirus infections. Pleconaril is effective in inhibiting replication (IC50: 50 nM).

N-Desmethylclozapine (Desmethylclozapine) is an antagonist of serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtype 5-HT2C (IC50: 7.1 nM). It also is an antagonist at dopamine D4 receptors, an agonist at δ-opioid receptors.

Theaflavin 3,3'-digallate (8-Gingerol) , a major polyphenol found in black tea, is an inducer of oxidative stress which has anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive actions, it reduces tumor angiogenesis by downregulating HIF-1αand VEGF.

L-Lysine hydrochloride is an essential amino acid for humans with various benefits including treating herpes, reducing diabetes-related illnesses, increasing calcium absorption and improving gut health.