Drug Metabolite

Clozapine N-oxide is the major metabolite of Clozapine and is blood-brain barrier permeable. Clozapine N-oxide is an agonist of DREADDs and activates the DREADD receptors hM3Dq and hM4Di. Clozapine N-oxide is also a dopamine antagonist and selective muscarinic M4 receptor agonist.

Homoeriodictyol, a naturally occurring, bitter-masking flavanone, as a promising agent to increase appetite and food intake. The flavanone homoeriodictyol can increase SGLT-1-mediated glucose uptake but decrease serotonin release in differentiated Caco-2 cells.

7-Hydroxymethotrexate is the major metabolite of Methotrexate.Methotrexate is an inhibitor of folic acid, inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, which prevents the conversion of folic acid to tetrahydrofolate, and inhibiting DNA synthesis.Methotrexate is also an inhibitor of metabolism.

Phosphoramide mustard is a toxic metabolite of cyclophosphamide with anticancer activity and ovarian toxicity that induces DNA damage.

Oseltamivir acid (GS4071) is a potent influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor and the prodrug of GS4071.

Desmethyl Erlotinib (CP-473420) is the active metabolite of Erlotinib (EGFR inhibitor with IC50 of 2 nM).

Linsidomine hydrochloride (SIN-1 chloride) is considered as a metabolite of moxidomine, with vasodilation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and antiangina activity. In myocardial ischemia-reperfusion models, Linsidomine hydrochloride to reduce myocardial necrosis and reperfusion induced endothelial dysfunction is associated with the cavernosal mechanism of action involved in nitric oxide release.

4-Hydroxymephenytoin ((+ -)-4'-Hydroxymephenytoin) is the metabolism of an antiepileptic drug mephenytoin. Mephenytoin is used as a CYP2C19 substrate.

S-methyl-KE-298 is the second main metabolite in plasma,is a methyl conjugate of deacetyl-KE-298.KE-298 inhibits matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1) production from  rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial cells.

Allopurinol riboside is a metabolite of allopurinol with potency against parasites. Allopurinol riboside competitively inhibits the action of purine nucleoside phosphorylase on inosine with a Ki of 277 μM.

Enzalutamide carboxylic acid is an antagonist of androgen receptor (AR) .

Didesethyl chloroquine (Bisdesethylchloroquine) is an effective myocardial inhibitor. Didesethyl chloroquine (Bisdesethylchloroquine) is the main metabolite of the antimalarial drug chloroquine.

CNDAC hydrochloride, a nucleoside analog, is a metabolite of the sapacitabine.

N-Deshydroxyethyl Dasatinib (N-Deshydroxyethyl BMS-354825) is a metabolite of Dasatinib, a dasatinib-based molecule that degrades ABL by binding to the IAP ligand via a linker to form SNIPER. N-Deshydroxyethyl Dasatinib is used in the study of cancer and immune diseases.

DL-Laudanosine (Laudanosine) is a recognized metabolite of atracurium and cisatracurium.

2-Hydroxy atorvastatin calcium salt is a hydroxy metabolite of atorvastatin calcium salt, a potent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (IC50 = 8 nM).

AST5902 mesylate is principal metabolite of Alflutinib in vivo. AST5902 mesylate exerts antineoplastic activity.

4-hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide (4-OOH-CY) is an active metabolite of Cyclophosphamide that induces hepatotoxicity.4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide increases levels of glutaminase and aspartate aminotransferase, enhances inflammatory factors and oxidative markers, and Inhibits oxidoreductase activity.4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide is used in the study of cancer and autoimmune diseases.

Leukotriene D4 (LTD4) is a potent pro-inflammatory mediator formed from arachidonic acid, a bronchoconstrictor, and induces osteoclast senescence.Leukotriene D4 induces transcriptional activity of potentially oncogenic genes and can be used in the study of asthma.

GS-829845 is a JAK1 inhibitor, the main component of the active metabolite of Filgotinib, which is approximately 10-fold less potent and has a longer half-life than the parent.

2′,2′-Difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU), the major metabolite of Gemcitabine, exhibits anticancer and antitumor activities, shows radiosensitization under hypoxic conditions, and can be used to study pancreatic cancer.

meta-Fexofenadine (meta-MDL-16455) is an isomer of Fexofenadine.

Deslanoside (Desacetyllanatoside C) is a rapidly acting cardiac glycoside used to treat congestive heart failure and supraventricular arrhythmias associated with reentry mechanisms. It inhibits the Na-K-ATPase membrane pump, increasing intracellular sodium and calcium concentrations.

Clofibric acid (Chlorofibrinic acid) is an antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.

4-Methylamino antipyrine, an active metabolite of Metamizole, a pyrazolone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits COX, possesses analgesic, antipyretic, and relatively weak anti-inflammatory properties.

AZ7550, an active metabolite of AZD9291, inhibits the activity of IGF1R (IC50: 1.6 μM).

N-Acetylprocainamide (NAPA), the N-acetylated metabolite of Procainamide, is a Class III antiarrhythmic agent, while procainamide is a Class Ia antiarrhythmic drug.

Palifosfamide (Isophosphamide mustard) lysine (ZIO-201) is a stable form of palifosfamide. Palifosfamide lysine has broad activity in sarcoma lines in vitro. The IC50 ranges from 2.25 to 6.75 μM for most cell lines except OS222 (IC50=31.5 μM).

5-Hydroxylansoprazole (AG1908) is an active metabolite of Lansoprazole, a gastric proton-pump inhibitor used to treat various peptic diseases. Lansoprazole is metabolized through CYP2C19, resulting in the formation of 5-Hydroxylansoprazole[1][2].

Dehydro Nifedipine (BAY-b 4759) is the main metabolite of nifedipine in human plasma. Dehydro Nifedipine inhibits glucose uptake in PC-12 cells with an IC50 value of 130 μM. Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and angina. Dehydronifedipine is formed when it is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isomers CYP3A4 and CYP3A5.

Ferulic acid 4-O-sulfate (Ferulic acid 4-sulfate) is a metabolite of Ferulic acid.Ferulic acid 4-O-sulfate relaxes arteries, lowers blood pressure, and resists oxidative stress under conditions of iron overload in mice and HepG2 cells.Ferulic acid 4-O-sulfate is a metabolite of Ferulic acid.

Nortriptyline hydrochloride (ELF-101 hydrochloride) is a metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.

N-desmethyl Olanzapine is a metabolite of the atypical antipsychotic compound Olanzapinec, which is formed through the oxidative metabolism of olanzapine by the cytochrome 450 (CYP) isoenzyme CYP1A2.

Homovanillyl alcohol, a biological metabolite of Hydroxytyrosol, is a phenolic compound found in virgin olive oil (VOO) and wine. It exhibits high scavenging activities, protects red blood cells from hemolysis in a dose-dependent manner, and has a protective effect on cardiovascular disease and total mortality.

N-Desethyl Sunitinib hydrochloride (SU-12662 hydrochloride) is an active metabolite of Sunitinib with potential anti-cancer activity for the study of cancer.

Norverapamil hydrochloride (D591 hydrochloride) ((±)-Norverapamil hydrochloride) is an N-demethylated metabolite of Verapamil and it is an L-type calcium channel blocker and a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function inhibitor.

IMR-1A is the metabolite of IMR-1 which is a novel class of Notch inhibitors targeting the transcriptional activation with IC50 of 6 μMol/L.

Regorafénib N-oxyde M2 is an active metabolite of Regorafenib, a multi-target inhibitor for VEGFR1 2 3, PDGFRβ, RET, Kit, and Raf-1 (IC50s: 13 4.2 46, 1.5, 22, 7, and 2.5 nM).

Endoxifen hydrochloride, a principal active metabolite of Tamoxifen (TAM), exhibits heightened affinity and specificity towards the estrogen receptor and possesses aromatase inhibitory capability. It holds promise for breast cancer research.

Desmethyl Erlotinib hydrochloride (OSI 420) is an active metabolite of erlotinib which is an orally active EGFR tyrosin kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 2 and 20 nM for human EGFR and EGFR autophosphorylation in tumor cells.

N-Desmethyl imatinib (Imatinib metabolite N-Desmethyl imatinib) is a metabolite of Imatinib, which is a multi-target inhibitor of c-Kit, v-Abl, and PDGFR.

Imidacloprid-urea is a secondary metabolite of imidacloprid. Imidacloprid is a potent and widely used neonicotinoid with inhibitory effects on pests of cereals, vegetables, tea and cotton. imidacloprid-urea can occupy or block the adsorption sites of imidacloprid on the soil, which may affect the fate, transport and bioavailability of imidacloprid in the environment.

Cycloguanil hydrochloride (Chloroguanide Triazine) is an active metabolite of the antimalarial compound proguanil. It acts as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (Kis: 0.3 and 1.5 nM for Plasmodium and human forms, respectively).

Etilevodopa hydrochloride (L-DOPA ethyl ester) is a prodrug of levodopa. It also has greater gastric solubility and significant brain penetration.

Acetylsulfamerazine (N-Acetylsulfamerazine) is a secondary metabolite of sulphamethazine, which has a slight inhibitory effect on cellulose digestion and rumen endocrine activity, and has anti-microbial activity.

Dimetridazole is a nitroimidazole-based compound with antibacterial and anticoccidial activity. It was once widely used in the treatment of parasitic infections in poultry, cattle, swine and farmed fish until suspected to be carcinogenic and mutagenic to humans. Hydroxy dimetridazole is a metabolite of dimetridazole that may be useful for identifying this nitroimidazole in various agricultural samples through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and other methods.

LGE-899 (Sonidegib metabolite M48) is a main metabolite of Sonidegib which is an inhibitor of the hedgehog pathway. The Tmax of LGE-899(60 h) is much longer than Sonidegib.

Monoethyl phthalate, a metabolite of diethyl phthalate, serves as a urinary biomarker for phthalate exposure and indicates potential risks of thyroid cancer and benign nodules.