DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker

Cisplatin (CDDP) is a DNA cross-linking agent. Cisplatin has antitumor activity and inhibits DNA synthesis by forming DNA adducts in cancer cells. Cisplatin also activates ferroptosis and induces autophagy.

Streptozocin (NSC-85998) is an antibiotic that induces DNA methylation. Streptozocin is toxic to insulin-producing pancreatic islet B-cells and is commonly used in the construction of animal models of type 1 diabetes. The product is unstable in solution and is recommended to be dispensed now.

Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) is a DNA alkylating agent, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Oxaliplatin causes DNA cross-linking damage, preventing DNA replication and transcription and leading to cell death. Oxaliplatin induces autophagy.

Temozolomide (TMZ) is a DNA alkylating agent with blood-brain barrier permeability and oral activity. Temozolomide has antitumor activity and antiangiogenic activity, and also induces apoptosis and autophagy. Temozolomide is stable under acidic conditions and hydrolyzes under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions.

Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of several forms of cancer including leukemias, lymphomas and breast cancer.

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea is a nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. It targets a variety of animal organs, causes various cancers and degenerative diseases, and can be used in diazomethane synthesis.

Carboplatin (JM-8) is a cisplatin derivative, a DNA synthesis inhibitor. Carboplatin binds to DNA, inhibits replication and transcription, and induces cell death. Carboplatin has antitumor activity.

Cyclophosphamide hydrate is a DNA alkylating agent, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Cyclophosphamide hydrate has antitumor and immunosuppressive activities.

Ifosfamide (NSC-109724) alkylates and forms DNA crosslinks, thereby preventing DNA strand separation and DNA replication. Ifosfamide is a synthetic analog of the nitrogen mustard cyclophosphamide with antineoplastic activity. This agent is a prodrug that must be activated through hydroxylation by hepatic microsomal enzymes.

Procarbazine hydrochloride (NSC-77213 HCl) is the hydrochloride salt of a methylhydrazine derivative with antineoplastic and mutagenic activities. Although the exact mode of cytotoxicity has not been elucidated, procarbazine, after metabolic activation, appears to inhibit the trans-methylation of methionine into transfer RNA (t-RNA), thereby preventing protein synthesis and consequently DNA and RNA synthesis. This agent may also undergo auto-oxidation, resulting in the formation of cytotoxic free radicals which damage DNA through an alkylation reaction.

Carmustine (bis-chloroethylnitrosourea) is a cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent.

Busulfan (Busulphan) is a synthetic derivative of dimethane-sulfonate with antineoplastic and cytotoxic properties. Although its mechanism of action is not fully understood, busulfan appears to act through the alkylation of DNA. Following systemic absorption of busulfan, carbonium ions are formed, resulting in DNA alkylation and DNA breaks and inhibition of DNA replication and RNA transcription.

Treosulfan (NSC 39069) is a bifunctional alkylating agent used in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer.[2]

4-hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide (4-OOH-CY) is an active metabolite of Cyclophosphamide that induces hepatotoxicity.4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide increases levels of glutaminase and aspartate aminotransferase, enhances inflammatory factors and oxidative markers, and Inhibits oxidoreductase activity.4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide is used in the study of cancer and autoimmune diseases.

Lomustine (NSC-79037) is an alkylating agent of value against both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.

Thio-TEPA (Tiofosyl) is a polyfunctional, organophosphorus alkylating agent with antineoplastic activity.

Palifosfamide (Isophosphamide mustard) lysine (ZIO-201) is a stable form of palifosfamide. Palifosfamide lysine has broad activity in sarcoma lines in vitro. The IC50 ranges from 2.25 to 6.75 μM for most cell lines except OS222 (IC50=31.5 μM).

RITA (NSC-652287)(NSC-652287) induced cross-links of both DNA-DNA and DNA-protein with no detectable DNA single-strand breaks. RITA, like nutlin-3, can disrupt the p53 Mdm2 interaction.

PK11000 is a p53 targeting compound, has anti-tumor activities through activation of unstable p53.

Bendamustine hydrochloride (EP-3101) (IC50 of 50 μM) is an alkylating agent associated with DNA damage.

Satraplatin (BMS182751) is an orally available antineoplastic platinum(IV) complex.Satraplatin has a favorable toxicity profile and appears to have clinical activity against a variety of malignancies.

Bendamustine (SDX105) for the treatment of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Altretamine (ENT-50852) is an alkylating agent with antineoplastic activity.

Nimustine Hydrochloride (Nidran hydrochloride) has been used in trials studying the treatment of Glioblastoma.

VAL-083 is an alkylating agent with antitumor activity that produces N7 methylation on DNA.

CB1954(Tretazicar (NSC-115829)), an anticancer prodrug, is activated by NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 2. It is converted in the presence of the enzyme NQO2 and co-substrate caricotamide ( EP-0152R) (EP) into a potent cytotoxic bifunctional alkylating agent.

Chlorambucil (CB-1348) is an orally-active antineoplastic aromatic nitrogen mustard. Chlorambucil alkylates and cross-links DNA during all phases of the cell cycle, resulting in disruption of DNA function, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis.

KCC-07 is a selective, potent and brain-penetrant inhibitor of methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2(MBD2) with anticancer activity. KCC-07 prevents binding of MBD2 to methylated DNA and activates brain specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1) inducing anti

Pipobroman (Vercyte) is an anti-cancer drug that probably acts as an alkylating agent. Pipobroman has well documented clinical activity in polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET). Pipobroman allows, within 3 months, to attain a response in more than 90% of patients, without clinically relevant toxicities. The 10-years risk of thrombosis of patients treated with Pipobroman is about 15%, The anti-proliferative activity of Pipobroman on bone marrow megakaryocytes seems of particular value in lowering the occurrence of post-PV and post-ET MMM, whose risk is the lowest registered with available treatments. The 10-year risk of acute leukemia with Pipobroman is 5% in PVand 3% in ET, which is only slightly higher than that expected as a natural evolution of the disease. In conclusion, the use of Pipobroman is a definite alternative to hydroxyurea in patients with PV and ET at high risk of thrombosis.

Semustine, a DNA alkylating agent, is a cancer chemotherapy compound that is nephrotoxic in patients with malignant melanoma receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for the adjuvant treatment of leukemia.

Illudin S (ILS) is a fungal sesquiterpene secondary metabolite with potent genotoxic and cytotoxic properties.

(S)-Seco-Duocarmycin SA is a DNA alkylating agent and antibiotic with potent antitumor activity that can be used to synthesize ADC compounds.

Miriplatin (SM-11355) (SM-11355) is a platinum complex used in TACE that has promise for the therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).