HSV

Brefeldin A (Cyanein) belongs to the class of macrolide antibiotics and is an ATPase inhibitor (IC50=0.2 μM). Brefeldin A can induce tumor cell differentiation and apoptosis, and also possesses autophagy inhibitory activity.

Ginsenoside Rb1 (Gypenoside Ⅲ) is part of a class of steroid glycosides; may have properties that inhibit or prevent the growth of tumors.

Dynasore (Dynamin Inhibitor I), a cell-permeable chemical, can reversibly and non-competitivity inhibit GTPase activity of dynamin 1 2 (IC50: 15 μM in a cell-free assay). It also inhibits the mitochondrial dynamin Drp1, with no effect against other small GTPase.

Xanthohumol, also known as 2', 4, 4'-trihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3'-prenylchalcone or desmethylxanthohumol, is a member of the class of compounds known as 3-prenylated chalcones. It inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 activity and shows chemopreventive effects.

(Z)-Capsaicin (Zucapsaicin) is a medication used to treat osteoarthritis of the knee and Others neuropathic pain.(Z)-Capsaicin is a synthetic cis isomer of natural capsaicin that has shown therapeutic efficacy in pain accompanying osteoarthritis of the knee.

Amenamevir (ASP2151) is a novel helicase-primase inhibitor that is active against varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (EC50: 14 ng mL).

Theaflavin 3,3'-digallate (8-Gingerol) , a major polyphenol found in black tea, is an inducer of oxidative stress which has anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive actions, it reduces tumor angiogenesis by downregulating HIF-1αand VEGF.

B220, an antiviral agent, inhibits the growth of HSV-1, HSV-2, and human cytomegalovirus (CMV).

Brincidofovir (HDP-CDV) is an orally active, lipophilic form of cidofovir. It has enhanced activity compared to CDV against certain adenoviruses, herpesviruses, and orthopoxviruses.

Surfactin is a potent cyclic lipopeptide biosurfactants that mediates flux of mono-and divalent cations, such as calcium, across lipid bilayer membranes, with anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antimycoplasma and hemolytic effects.

Acyclovir (Aciclovir) is a synthetic analog of the purine nucleoside, guanosine, with potent antiviral activity against herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus and other viruses of the herpesvirus family.

Valomaciclovir stearate (A-174606. 0) is a nucleoside analog with antiviral activity against varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and has been used in the study of VZV infections.

OG-L002 is an effective and selective LSD1 inhibitor (IC50: 20 nM), showing 69- and 36-fold selectivity over MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively.

Verbascoside (Kusaginin) is a protein kinase C inhibitor with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory activities.

Zerumbone is a natural monocyclic sesquiterpene first isolated from rhizomes of the wild ginger Z. zerumbet.It has also been shown to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, contributing to immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects.

Floxuridine (FUDR) is an antimetabolite, floxuridine inhibits thymidylate synthase, resulting in disruption of DNA synthesis and cytotoxicity.

BDCRB inhibits herpesvirus DNA maturation. BDCRB causes the HCMV terminase to skip the normal cleavage site and to continue to package DNA until a second cleavage site is encountered 30 kb further along the concatemer.

Pritelivir (BAY 57-1293) (BAY 57-1293) is a potent helicase-primase inhibitor with active against HSV-1 and HSV-2 (IC50: 20 nM).

Imiquimod (R 837) is an immune response modifier that acts as a toll-like receptor 7 agonist.

Ganciclovir (2'-Nor-2'-deoxyguanosine) is an ACYCLOVIR analog that is a potent inhibitor of the Herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus infections.

Trifluridine (NSC-75520) is a fluorinated thymidine analog with potential antineoplastic activity. Trifluridine is incorporated into DNA and inhibits thymidylate synthase, resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis, inhibition of protein synthesis, and apoptosis. This agent also exhibits antiviral activity.

Isatin-β-thiosemicarbazone is a potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus (HSV), exhibiting antiviral activity against both HSV-1 and HSV-2. Moreover, it is an effective anti-poxvirus agent for the treatment of monkeypox, orthopox, and cowpox viruses.

Salubrinal, a phosphatases (PP1) inhibitor(IC50=1.7 μM), exhibits function on the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit (eIF2α).

1. Betulonic acid (Liquidambaric acid) amide stimulated the regenerative response in hepatocytes under conditions of combined toxic exposure and promoted recovery of their qualitative and quantitative characteristics, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in the severity of liver fibrosis and the absence of cirrhotic transformation of the liver. 2. Betulonic acid derivatives have a promising cytostatic activity in vitro and could be used as potential leads for the development of new type of anti-cancer agents. 3. Betulonic acid has antiholestatic effects in mice.

ML324(IC50=920 nM) is a specific inhibitor of jumonji histone demethylase (JMJD2).

Ardisiacrispin A (Deglucocyclamin) has cytotoxic activity toward HepG2 cancer cell with the GI(50) value of 1.56μM, it could inhibit the proliferation of Bel-7402 cells by inducing apoptosis and disassembling microtubule.Ardisiacrispin(A+B) exhibit prominent abilities to inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells by blocking the cell cycle at S phase and inducing apoptosis.

Idoxuridine (Dendrid) is an analog of DEOXYURIDINE that inhibits viral DNA synthesis. The drug is used as an antiviral agent.

Docusate sodium (Aerosol OT) is an orally available, over-the-counter laxative and stool softener used to treat or prevent constipation. Docusate has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice.

1. Octyl Gallate is an antioxidant approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a food additive. 2. Octyl Gallate has antimetastatic activity. 3. Octyl Gallate shows antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 125 ug mL. 4. Combination therapy with octyl gallate and ferulic acid improves cognition and neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.5. Octyl Gallate is a potential anticancer agent, it exhibited decreased MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231 survival and induced apoptosis, with IC50 value of 40 uM. 6. Octyl gallate (Octyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) has antiviral activity, it shows an inhibitory effect on the growth of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in HEp-2 or Vero cells. 7. Octyl gallate shows antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC7754 and Zygosaccharomyces bailii ATCC 60483.

Fiacitabine (NSC-382097) is a selective inhibitor of DNA replication of the herpes simplex virus(HSV) (IC50: 2.5 nM and 12.6 nM for HSV1 and HSV2, respectively).

Levamisole hydrochloride ((-)-Tetramisole hydrochloride) is an antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects.

Valacyclovir hydrochloride (Valaciclovir hydrochloride) is an acyclovir prodrug that, upon metabolism, inhibits viral DNA replication.

BIO-acetoxime (GSK-3 Inhibitor X) is a potent dual GSK3α/β inhibitor with IC50 of 10 nM, >240-fold selectivity over CDK5/p25, CDK2/cyclin A and CDK1/cyclin B.

Penciclovir (BRL 39123) is a Herpesvirus Nucleoside Analog DNA Polymerase Inhibitor. In HSV infected cells, penciclovir is phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase and subsequently converted by cellular kinases into the active metabolite, penciclovir triphosphate, which competitively inhibits viral HSV polymerase by blocking deoxyguanosine triphosphate substrate binding. As a result, herpes viral DNA synthesis and replication are selectively inhibited.

Valpromide (Dipropylacetamide) is a carboxamide derivative of valproic acid, used in the treatment of epilepsy and some affective disorders.

Brivudine (BVDU), an antiviral medicine, is used in the therapy of herpes zoster.

1. Oxyresveratro can inhibit tyrosinase activity. 2. Oxyresveratro is useful to trauma models, as toxicity to glia could be beneficial by inhibiting reactive gliosis. 3. Oxyresveratrol (trans-Oxyresveratrol) has antioxidant activity, can reduce neuronal oxidative damage and protect hepatocytes against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be associated with activation of Nrf2.

S-Methylisothiourea sulfate ((S)-Methylisothiourea sulfate) is a potent and selective inhibitor of iNOS and exerts beneficial effects in rodent models of septic shock[1].

Oxytetracycline Dihydrate (Terramycin Dihydrate) is a prescription antibiotic, interfering with the ability of bacteria to produce essential proteins.

Isoxanthohumol is a prenylated flavonoid derived from hops and beer with antiproliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines.Isoxanthohumol inhibits the metastasis or invasion of lung metastases of tumor cells.Isoxanthohumol has antiviral activity against herpesviruses (HSV1 and HSV2) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV).

PIK-93, the first potent synthetic PI4K inhibitor, exhibits an IC50 of 19 nM and also inhibits PI3Kα with an IC50 of 39 nM.

Famciclovir (BRL 42810) is a Herpes Simplex Virus Nucleoside Analog DNA Polymerase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of famciclovir is as a DNA Polymerase Inhibitor, and DNA Polymerase Inhibitor.

Ganciclovir sodium (Cytovene IV sodium) is the sodium salt of Ganciclovir with antiviral activity, especially against cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1).

SIBA (5'-Deoxy-5'-isobutylthioadenosine) is a synthetic analogue of SAH, acts as an inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine-mediated transmethylation. SIBA can interfere with a variety of enzymatic activities in vitro, such as SAH hydrolase, methylthioadenosine phosphorylase and cAMP phosphodiesterase. SIBA reversibly blocks the multiplication of herpes simplex type 1 virus (HSV)

Imiquimod maleate (R 837 maleate) is a toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist and immune response modifier with antiviral and antitumor effects. Imiquimod maleate induces psoriatic-like skin lesions in mice and can be used to study various skin malignancies.

FIT-039 is a selective and ATP-competitive, orally active inhibitor of CDK9( IC50 : 5.8 μM;CDK9 cyclin T1). FIT-039 inhibits replication of HSV-1 (IC50 of 0.69 μM), HSV-2, human adenovirus, and human CMV. FIT-039 is a promising antiviral agent for inhibiting drug-resistant HSVs and other DNA viruses.

1-Docosanol (Behenic alcohol) is a saturated 22-carbon aliphatic alcohol with antiviral activity. 1-Docosanol has a distinct mechanism of action and inhibits fusion between the plasma membrane and the herpes simplex virus envelope, thereby preventing viral entry into cells and subsequent viral activity and replication. 1-Docosanol is used topically in the treatment of recurrent herpes simplex labialis episodes and relieves associated pain and may help heal sores faster.

1. (2S)-Isoxanthohumol shows an antiviral activity towards herpes viruses (HSV1 and HSV2) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). 2. Isoxanthohumol is a polyphenol with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties, seems to regulate in vivo vascular proliferation and stabilization and the EC-VSMC-inflammatory crosstalk.