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Organoids are three-dimensional miniature tissue structures cultured in a laboratory environment, capable of mimicking the cellular composition, structure, and function of real organs, and have become an important tool in modern biomedical research. They play a key role in constructing disease models, drug screening, and toxicity testing. Organoids typically originate from stem cells, which can differentiate into various cell types under specific culture conditions, eventually forming organoids. As the core of this process, stem cells have remarkable self-renewal capabilities and the potential to differentiate into various cell types.
To effectively promote the differentiation of stem cells and the formation of organoids, scientists use specific compounds that play vital roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. These include Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), and Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β). Additionally, compounds like GSK-3β inhibitors (e.g., CHIR99021), PI3K inhibitors (e.g., LY294002), and Smoothened agonists (e.g., SAG) can be used to regulate specific signaling pathways, thereby influencing the fate of stem cells.In the field of organoid and stem cell research, our company can provide a variety of inhibitors and activators, r ecombinant proteins, and specialized compound libraries. These include stem cell differentiation compound library, cell cycle compound library, Wnt/Hedgehog/Notch pathway compound library, and MAPK inhibitor library. These resources assist researchers in conducting studies on stem cell-induced differentiation, organoid culture, and drug screening.
Popular targets recommendations
Wnt/β-catenin
The Wnt signaling pathways are a group of signal transduction pathways which begin with proteins that pass signals into a cell through cell surface receptors. The name Wnt is a portmanteau created from the name Wingless and the name Int-1. Wnt signaling pathways use either nearby cell-cell communication (paracrine) or same-cell communication (autocrine). They are highly evolutionarily conserved in animals, which means they are similar across animal species from fruit flies to humans.
132 Products
Hippo pathway
The Hippo signaling pathway, also known as the Salvador-Warts-Hippo (SWH) pathway, controls organ size in animals through the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. The pathway takes its name from one of its key signaling components—the protein kinase Hippo (Hpo). Mutations in this gene lead to tissue overgrowth, or a 'hippopotamus'-like phenotype.The Hippo signaling pathway appears to be highly conserved. While most of the Hippo pathway components were identified in the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) using mosaic genetic screens, orthologs to these components (genes that function analogously in different species) have subsequently been found in mammals. Thus, the delineation of the pathway in Drosophila has helped to identify many genes that function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in mammals.
5 Products
TGF-beta/Smad
The transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes in both the adult organism and the developing embryo including cell growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis, cellular homeostasis and other cellular functions. In spite of the wide range of cellular processes that the TGFβ signaling pathway regulates, the process is relatively simple. TGFβ superfamily ligands bind to a type II receptor, which recruits and phosphorylates a type I receptor. The type I receptor then phosphorylates receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs) which can now bind the coSMAD SMAD4. R-SMAD/coSMAD complexes accumulate in the nucleus where they act as transcription factors and participate in the regulation of target gene expression.
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Hedgehog/Smoothened
The Hedgehog signaling pathway is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper cell differentiation. Different parts of the embryo have different concentrations of hedgehog signaling proteins. The pathway also has roles in the adult. Diseases associated with the malfunction of this pathway include basal cell carcinoma.
37 Products
Gamma secretase
Gamma secretase is a multi-subunit protease complex, itself an integral membrane protein, that cleaves single-pass transmembrane proteins at residues within the transmembrane domain. Proteases of this type are known as intramembrane proteases. The most well-known substrate of gamma secretase is amyloid precursor protein, a large integral membrane protein that, when cleaved by both gamma and beta secretase, produces a short 37-43[verification needed] amino acid peptide called amyloid beta whose abnormally folded fibrillar form is the primary component of amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. Gamma secretase is also critical in the related processing of several other type I integral membrane proteins, such as Notch, ErbB4, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, ephrin-B2, or CD44.
53 Products
JAK
The JAK-STAT signalling pathway is a chain of interactions between proteins in a cell, and is involved in processes such as immunity, cell division, cell death and tumour formation. There are 4 JAK proteins: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2. JAKs contains a FERM domain (approximately 400 residues), an SH2-related domain (approximately 100 residues), a kinase domain (approximately 250 residues) and a pseudokinase domain (approximately 300 residues). The kinase domain is vital for JAK activity, since it allows JAKs to phosphorylate (add phosphate groups to) proteins.
169 Products
STAT
The JAK-STAT signalling pathway is a chain of interactions between proteins in a cell, and is involved in processes such as immunity, cell division, cell death and tumour formation. There are 4 JAK proteins: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2. JAKs contains a FERM domain (approximately 400 residues), an SH2-related domain (approximately 100 residues), a kinase domain (approximately 250 residues) and a pseudokinase domain (approximately 300 residues). The kinase domain is vital for JAK activity, since it allows JAKs to phosphorylate (add phosphate groups to) proteins.
139 Products
GSK 3
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that mediates the addition of phosphate molecules onto serine and threonine amino acid residues. First discovered in 1980 as a regulatory kinase for its namesake, Glycogen synthase, GSK-3 has since been identified as a kinase for over 100 different proteins in a variety of different pathways. In mammals GSK-3 is encoded by two paralogous genes, GSK-3 alpha (GSK3A) and GSK-3 beta (GSK3B). GSK-3 has recently been the subject of much research because it has been implicated in a number of diseases, including Type II diabetes (diabetes mellitus type 2), Alzheimer's disease, inflammation, cancer, and bipolar disorder.
103 Products
ROCK
Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) is a kinase belonging to the AGC (PKA/ PKG/PKC) family of serine-threonine kinases. It is involved mainly in regulating the shape and movement of cells by acting on the cytoskeleton.
67 Products
Casein Kinase
The Casein kinase 1 family of protein kinases are serine/threonine-selective enzymes that function as regulators of signal transduction pathways in most eukaryotic cell types. CK1 isoforms are involved in Wnt signaling, circadian rhythms, nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of transcription factors, DNA repair, and DNA transcription.
60 Products
Porcupine
Porcupine (Porc) protein may be involved in secretion or ER transport, as Wingless is retained in the ER in porcupine mutant Drosophila embryos. In C. elegans, the porcupine homolog mom-1 has a similar function in promoting secretion of the Wnt protein Mom-2. Porcupine has some homology to a family of o-acyl transferases and may be involved in lipid modification of Wnt proteins. A special form of monounsaturated palmitoylation has been detected on a serine residue in the Wnt protein and could be mediated by porc as well. The human Porcupine gene is implicated in a genetic disease, Focal dermal hypoplasia. Porcupine, encodes a multipass transmembrane ER protein, which is required for normal distribution of Wg in embryos. Porc stimulates the processing of Wg when expressed in Drosophila cells in vitro and is also necessary for the localization of Drosophila Wnt-3 on the axon tracts of the embryonic central nervous system.
8 Products
YAP
YAP (Yes-associated protein) is a transcription co-activator in the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway and controls cell growth, tissue homeostasis and organ size. YAP is inhibited by the kinase Lats, which phosphorylates YAP to induce its cytoplasmic localization and proteasomal degradation. YAP induces gene expression by binding to the TEAD family transcription factors. The function of YAP in human cancer is complex and could be cell-type-dependent. For instance, YAP could function as a tumor suppressor in some cell types, such as hematological cancers, by inducing apoptosis in response to DNA damage.
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Popular compound libraries recommendations
Stem Cell Differentiation Compound Library
Listed in literature
L80001213 Compounds
A unique collection of 1213 stem cell differentiation signaling targeted compounds for high throughput and high content screening;
Listed in literatureBioactive Compound Library Listed in literature
L400014590 Compounds
A collection of 14590 small molecule compounds with validated activity for high throughput screening (HTS), high content screening (HCS), cell induction, and target identification;
Listed in literatureCell Cycle Compound Library Listed in literature
L8100695 Compounds
A unique collection of 695 cell cycle related compounds for high throughput screening (HTS) and high content screening (HCS);
Listed in literatureWnt/Hedgehog/Notch Compound Library Listed in literature
L4300240 Compounds
A unique collection of 240 Wnt/Hedgehog/Notch signaling targeted compounds for high throughput and high content screening;
Listed in literatureTGF-beta/Smad Compound Library Listed in literature
L4100185 Compounds
A unique collection of 185 TGF-beta/Smad signaling targeted compounds for high throughput and high content screening;
Listed in literatureMAPK Inhibitor Library Listed in literature
L1400367 Compounds
A unique collection of 367 compounds targeting MAPK signaling for drug discovery in MAPK related diseases;
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