Others

R-Spondin 1 RSPO1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in CHO mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 28.5 kDa and the accession number is B1ASC1.

Noggin NOG Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 23.1 kDa and the accession number is Q13253.

Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) expression in TAMs isolated from lung adenocarcinoma tissues and PMA-treated THP-1 cells were measured. Macrophage polarization was identified by flow cytometric analysis. Cell migration and apoptosis were assessed by Transwell migration assays and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. SPP1 is highly expressed in tumor tissues and TAMs isolated from patients with an advanced TNM stage, and also in PMA-treated THP-1 cells.

Wnt Surrogate Wnt3a Protein, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag.

R-Spondin 1 RSPO1 Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in CHO mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 26.8 kDa and the accession number is Q2MKA7-1.

R-Spondin 1 RSPO1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 28.2 kDa and the accession number is Q2MKA7-1.

R-spondin 3 (RSPO3) is a member of the R-Spondin (RSPO) family in vertebrates that activate Wnt beta-catenin signaling, plays a key role in these processes. The RSPO family of secreted Wnt modulators is involved in development and disease and holds therapeutic promise as stem cell growth factors. The four members have high structural homology. RSPO2 and RSPO3 are more potent than RSPO1, whereas RSPO4 is relatively inactive. All RSPO members require Wnt ligands and LRP6 for activity and amplify signaling of Wnt3A, Wnt1, and Wnt7A, suggesting that RSPO proteins are general regulators of canonical Wnt signaling. RSPO3 PCP signaling during gastrulation requires Wnt5a and is transduced via Fz7, Dvl, and JNK. RSPO3 functions by inducing Sdc4-dependent, clathrin-mediated endocytosis. RSPO3 is a novel, evolutionarily conserved angiogenic factor in embryogenesis. RSPO3 has a key role in the interaction between chorion and allantois in labyrinthine development.

Wnt5a Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli.

HGF Protein, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 79.3 kDa and the accession number is Q08048-1.

Noggin is an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), being indispensable for certain developmental events.Noggin expression positively correlated with EGFR expression in both GC cell line models and The Cancer Genome Atlas human GC cohort. Targeting EGFR and its downstream pathways diminished cell proliferation which was promoted by Noggin. Noggin promotes the proliferation of GC cells by upregulating EGFR and enhancing a vicious circle formed by β‑catenin, EGFR, ERK and Akt. Noggin NOG Protein, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 23.07 kDa and the accession number is P97466.

Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Functions in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway that results in activation of transcription factors of the TCF LEF family. Required for normal embryonic mesoderm development and formation of caudal somites. Required for normal morphogenesis of the developing neural tube. Mediates self-renewal of the stem cells at the bottom on intestinal crypts (in vitro). Wnt3a Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 41.3 kDa and the accession number is P56704.

Mouse stem cell factor (SCF), is the ligand for the receptor-type protein-tyrosine kinase KIT. It plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. KITLG SCF binding can activate several signaling pathways. It also promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, which is the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and subsequent activation of the kinase AKT1. KITLG SCF and KIT also transmit signals via GRB2 and activation of RAS, RAF1 and the MAP kinases MAPK1 ERK2 and or MAPK3 ERK1. KITLG SCF and KIT promote activation of STAT family members STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that is principally known for its role in erythropoiesis, where it is responsible for stimulating proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells. Erythropoietin is a member of the EPO TPO family. It is a secreted, glycosylated cytokine composed of four alpha helical bundles. The differentiation of CFU-E (Colony Forming Unit-Erythroid) cells into erythrocytes can only be accomplished in the presence of EPO. Physiological levels of EPO in adult mammals are maintained primarily by the kidneys, whereas levels in fetal or neonatal mammals are maintained by the liver. EPO also can exert various non-hematopoietic activities, including vascularization and proliferation of smooth muscle, neural protection during hypoxia, and stimulation of certain B cells. Genetic variation in erythropoietin is associated with susceptbility to microvascular complications of diabetes type 2. These are pathological conditions that develop in numerous tissues and organs as a consequence of diabetes mellitus. They include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy leading to end-stage renal disease, and diabetic neuropathy.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is an important component of the pathophysiology of IR, with increased levels in most common IR conditions, including obesity. HGF has a role in the metabolic flux of glucose in different insulin sensitive cell types; plays a key role in β-cell homeostasis; and is capable of modulating the inflammatory response.HGF plays a central role in these metabolic disorders,HGF levels could be employed as a biomarker for disease status progression, and HGF c-Met signaling pathway modulators could effectively regulate IR and treat diabetes.

HGF Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in CHO mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 79.7 kDa and the accession number is P14210-1.

Oncostatin M OSM Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells. The predicted molecular weight is 22.16 kDa and the accession number is P13725.

Specific fragments of methylation changes in the target gene (Calca) were identified by IGV analysis. CGRP was applied to compare the effects on ASCs-T2DM morphology via phalloidin staining, proliferation through CCK-8 assay, and osteogenic differentiation with osteogenic staining, qPCR, and repair of calvarial defect. Furthermore, 5-azacytidine (5-az) was used to intervene ASCs-T2DM to verify the relationship between the methylation level of the target fragment and expression of Calca.

EPO Erythropoietin Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.1 kDa and the accession number is G9JKG7.

TFF1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 8.1 kDa and the accession number is P04155.

FLT3 Ligand Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 17.75 kDa and the accession number is P49771-1.

TSLP Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 15.4 kDa and the accession number is Q9JIE6.

MIF Protein, Human, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 13.8 kDa and the accession number is P14174.

MIF Protein, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 12.5 kDa and the accession number is P34884.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a circulating hormone conventionally considered to be responsible for erythropoiesis. In addition to facilitating red blood cell production, EPO has pluripotent potential, such as for cognition improvement, neurogenesis, and anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects.

HGF, is a pleiotropic protein in the Plasminogen subfamily of S1 peptidases and contains 4 kringle domains, 1 PAN domain and 1 peptidase S1 domain. HGF is secreted as an inactive 728 amino acid (aa) single chain propeptide. It is cleaved after the fourth Kringle domain by a serine protease to form bioactive disulfide-linked HGF with a 60 kDa alpha and 30 kDa beta chain. HGF binds heparan-sulfate proteoglycans and the widely expressed receptor tyrosine kinase, HGF R c-MET. HGF regulates epithelial morphogenesis by inducing cell scattering and branching tubulogenesis. It can also alter epithelium morphology by the induction of nectin-1 alpha ectodomain shedding, an adhesion protein component of adherens junctions. HGF regulates cell growth, cell motility, and morphogenesis by activating a tyrosine kinase signaling cascade after binding to the proto oncogenic c-Met receptor. HGF is secreted by mesenchymal cells and acts as a multi-functional cytokine on cells of mainly epithelial origin. Its ability to stimulate mitogenesis, cell motility, and matrix invasion gives it a central role in angiogenesis, tumorogenesis, and tissue regeneration.

SCF Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 19.7 kDa and the accession number is P20826-1.

Oncostatin M OSM Protein, Mouse, Recombinant is expressed in E. coli expression system. The predicted molecular weight is 20.7 kDa and the accession number is P53347.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a novel member of the hemopoietic cytokine family that promotes the development of B cells and shares overlapping activity with IL-7. The human TSLP protein comprises a 28 amino acids (aa) signal sequence and 131 aa mature region. Human TSLP has two isoforms lfTSLP and sfTSLP produced by alternative splicing . lfTSLP is expressed in a number of tissues including heart, liver and prostate, and sfTSLP (63aa) is predominantly expressed in keratinocytes of oral mucosa, skin and in salivary glands. In aa sequence level, Human TSLP displays about 43% identity with mouse TSLP.TSLP is a cytokine that functions mainly on myeloid cells; it induces the release of T cell-attracting chemokines from monocytes and enhances the maturation of CD11c(+) dendritic cells.TSLP has proliferative effects on the myeloid cell line and may initiate asthma or atopic dermatitis responses by directly activating mast cells . TSLP signals cells via the interleukin-7 receptor-α chain (IL-7Rα),shared with IL-7, together with the TSLP receptor (TSLPR) subunit. Recent studies indicate that TSLP and its receptor are novel therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis,for increased intraarticular TSLP concentrations in patients has caused chemotaxis and activation of arthritogenic T cells.

R-Spondin 2 RSPO2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 48.01 kDa and the accession number is Q6UXX9-1.

Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Functions in the canonical Wnt beta-catenin signaling pathway. Functions as upstream regulator of FGF10 expression. Plays an important role in embryonic lung development. May contribute to embryonic brain development by regulating the proliferation of dopaminergic precursors and neurons.

CYR61 CCN1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 42.6 kDa and the accession number is P18406.

Hepatoma-Derived Growth Factor is a original member of the HDGF family. HDGF is a cytoplasmic protein and contains one PWWP domain. HDGF expression levels are high in the nucleus and cytoplasm of smooth muscle and endothelial cells. HDGF has proliferative, angiogenic and neurotrophic activity. HDGF was initially characterized as a secreted mitogen from the Huh-7 human hepatoma cell line. As a heparin-binding protein, which is highly expressed in tumor cells where it stimulates proliferation. HDGF has mitogenic activity for fibroblasts and acts as a transcriptional repressor. It has been shown that HDGF is linked with tumorigenesis and the growth of cancer.

Midkine (MK or MDK) also known as neurite growth-promoting factor 2 (NEGF2) is a basic heparin-binding growth factor of low molecular weight, and forms a family with pleiotrophin. Midkine is a retinoic acid-responsive, heparin-binding growth factor expressed in various cell types during embryogenesis. It promotes angiogenesis, cell growth, and cell migration. Midkine is also expressed in several carcinomas, suggesting that it may play a role in tumorigenesis, perhaps through its effects on angiogenesis. Midkine binds anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) which induces ALK activation and subsequent phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS1), followed by the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3-kinase and the induction of cell proliferation. Midkine is involved in neointima formation after arterial injury, possibly by mediating leukocyte recruitment. Also involved in early fetal adrenal gland development. Midkine exhibited increased expression in the breast carcinomas but showed much lower expression in the normal breast tissue. Thus, it can be used as a breast carcinomas marker.

Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Functions in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway that results in activation of transcription factors of the TCF LEF family. Required for normal embryonic mesoderm development and formation of caudal somites. Required for normal morphogenesis of the developing neural tube. Mediates self-renewal of the stem cells at the bottom on intestinal crypts (in vitro). Wnt3a Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 40.9 kDa and the accession number is P27467.

Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand(Flt3L) is a single-pass type I membrane protein and consists of 232 amino acids. Flt3L is a hematopoietic four helical bundle cytokine, structurally homologous to stem cell factor and colony stimulating factor. Flt3L synergizes well with a number of other colony stimulating factors and interleukins. Flt3L stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of various blood cell progentiors by activating FLT3.

Chemerin RARRES2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 17.4 kDa and the accession number is Q9DD06.

FLT3 Ligand Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (hFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with hFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 45.4 kDa and the accession number is P49772-1.

Noggin is a secreted homodimeric glycoprotein that is an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Mouse Noggin cDNA encodes a 232 amino acid (aa) residue precursor protein with 19 aa residue putative signal peptide that is cleaved to generate the 213 aa residue mature protein which is secreted as a homodimeric glycoprotein. Secreted Noggin probably remains close to the cell surface due to its binding of heparin-containing proteoglycans. Noggin binds some BMPs such as BMP4 with high affinity and others such as BMP7 with lower affinity. It antagonizes BMP bioactivities by blocking epitopes on BMPs that are needed for binding to both type I and type II receptors. Noggin is expressed in defined areas of the adult central nervous system and peripheral tissues such as lung, skeletal muscle and skin. During culture of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) or neural stem cells under certain conditions, addition of Noggin to antagonize BMP activity may allow stem cells to proliferate while maintaining their undifferentiated state, or alternatively, to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons.

Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides are involved in the maintenance of epithelial integrity and epithelial restitution. Trefoil factor-3 (TFF3) is an estrogen-regulated gene associated with prognosis in different types of cancer. The presence and localization of TFF3 peptide was associated with the embryonic stage and tissue differentiation. TFF3 peptide distribution specific to the germ layers was not observed. The role of TFF3 peptide in cell migration and differentiation, immune response, and apoptosis might be associated with specific embryonic epithelial cells. TFF3 peptide may also be considered as a marker for mucosal maturation. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) serves an important role in intestinal mucosal damage and healing, and contributes to the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The involvement of TFF3 in the pathogenesis of rhonchopathy and OSA and lead to the hypothesis that reduction of TFF3 production by the epithelium and subepithelial mucous glands of the uvula contributes to an increase in breathing resistance due to a change in mucus organization.

R-Spondin 2 RSPO2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (mFc) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with mFc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 47.4 kDa and the accession number is Q8BFU0.

TSLP Protein, Human, Recombinant (His), Biotinylated is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 16.2 kDa and the accession number is Q969D9-1.

GNRH2 (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone 2) is a Protein Coding gene. This gene is a member of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene family. Proteins encoded by members of this gene family are proteolytically cleaved to form neuropeptides which, in part, regulate reproductive functions by stimulating the production and release of the gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). 3 alternatively spliced human isoforms have been reported. The second mammalian isoform (GNRH2) is an ineffective stimulant of gonadotropin release. Given that pigs lack testicular GNRHR1, these data may indicate that GNRH2 and its receptor are involved in the autocrine or paracrine regulation of testosterone secretion. Diseases associated with GNRH2 include Colon Mucinous Adenocarcinoma and Ovarian Cancer.

CALCB, also known as CGPR and calcitonin 2, belongs to the calcitonin family. CALCB is a calcitonin (CT) peptide which may play a role in the mediation of human inflammatory diseases. It is highly expressed in the skin, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. CGRP immunolabeling (IL) was detected in epidermal keratinocytes at levels that were especially high and widespread in the skin of humans from locations afflicted with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and complex region pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS), of monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus, and of rats subjected to L5 L6 spinal nerve ligation, sciatic nerve chronic constriction, and subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. Increased CGRP-IL was also detected in epidermal keratinocytes of transgenic mice with keratin-14 promoter driven overexpression of noggin, an antagonist to BMP-4 signaling. CGPR dilates a variety of vessels including the coronary, cerebral and systemic vasculature.

Cripto Protein, Rat, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 15.5 kDa and the accession number is XP_001056317.2.

Pleiotrophin PTN Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells. The predicted molecular weight is 15.3 kDa and the accession number is A0A024R778.

Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Functions in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway that results in activation of transcription factors of the TCF LEF family. Required for normal gastrulation, formation of the primitive streak, and for the formation of the mesoderm during early embryogenesis. Required for normal formation of the apical ectodermal ridge and for normal embryonic limb development.

Oncostatin M OSM Protein, Canine, Recombinant (His) is expressed in HEK293 mammalian cells with C-His tag. The predicted molecular weight is 21.65 kDa and the accession number is A0A8I3Q5M1.

Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors that functions in the canonical Wnt beta-catenin signaling pathway. Required for normal fusion of the chorion and the allantois during placenta development. Required for central nervous system (CNS) angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier regulation. Wint7b Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc & SUMO) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-10xHis-SUMO and C-Myc tag. The predicted molecular weight is 56.3 kDa and the accession number is P56706.