Cisplatin (CDDP) is a DNA cross-linking agent. Cisplatin has antitumor activity and inhibits DNA synthesis by forming DNA adducts in cancer cells. Cisplatin also activates ferroptosis and induces autophagy.

Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a natural product and a microtubule polymer stabilizer. Paclitaxel has anti-tumor activity and causes cell death by inducing mitotic arrest, apoptosis, and cell autophagy.

Busulfan (Busulphan) is a synthetic derivative of dimethane-sulfonate with antineoplastic and cytotoxic properties. Although its mechanism of action is not fully understood, busulfan appears to act through the alkylation of DNA. Following systemic absorption of busulfan, carbonium ions are formed, resulting in DNA alkylation and DNA breaks and inhibition of DNA replication and RNA transcription.

Camptothecin (CPT) belongs to the alkaloid group of natural products and is a specific DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitor (IC50=679 nM) with specificity. Camptothecin has antitumor activity and induces apoptosis.

Carboplatin (JM-8) is a cisplatin derivative, a DNA synthesis inhibitor. Carboplatin binds to DNA, inhibits replication and transcription, and induces cell death. Carboplatin has antitumor activity.

Exatecan Mesylate (DX8951f) is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor (IC50: 2.2 μM, 0.975 μg/mL).

Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of several forms of cancer including leukemias, lymphomas and breast cancer.

Ifosfamide (NSC-109724) alkylates and forms DNA crosslinks, thereby preventing DNA strand separation and DNA replication. Ifosfamide is a synthetic analog of the nitrogen mustard cyclophosphamide with antineoplastic activity. This agent is a prodrug that must be activated through hydroxylation by hepatic microsomal enzymes.