Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867), a synthetic broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic, inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase. It is more active against Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria.

Ciprofloxacin (1 mg/L) induces GST activity, in contrast with inhibited GST and CAT of larvae exposed to enrofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin (≥10 μg/L) and enrofloxacin are ecotoxic for development, growth, detoxifying, and oxidative stress enzymes in anuran amphibian larvae[4]. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) shows potent activity against Y. pestis with MIC90 of 0.03 μg/mL[2]. In a murine model of pneumonic plague, ciprofloxacin (30 mg/kg, i.p.) results in a drug exposure which is similar to the drug exposure observed in humans following a 500 mg dose of oral ciprofloxacin. Intraperitoneal ciprofloxacin reduces the lung bacterial load compared to controls treated with intraperitoneal PBS[5].

The in vitro kinase assays is performed by incubating purified kinase (IKKε or TBK1) in kinase buffer containing 25 mM Tris (pH7.5), 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT, and 10 μM ATP for 30 minutes at 30°C in the presence of 0.5 μCi γ-[32P]-ATP and 1 μg MBP per sample as a substrate. The kinase reaction is stopped by adding 4x sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sample buffer and boiling for 5 minutes at 95°C. Supernatants are resolved by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose, and analyzed by autoradiography using a Typhoon 9410 phosphorimager.