Neophytadiene, a diterpene discovered in Turbinaria ornate, showcases desirable bioactive properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardioprotective effects.

Neophytadiene exhibits cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells, with an IC50 value of 50 μM[1]. At concentrations of 50-100 μM for 30 minutes, it effectively inhibits NO production and reduces inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels in LPS (1 μg/mL)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells[1]. Additionally, neophytadiene, at doses ranging from 25-100 μM over 22 hours, markedly decreases NO production and the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in LPS (1 μg/mL)-induced RAW264.7 cells[1].

Neophytadiene, administered orally at doses ranging from 25 to 50 mg/kg daily for a period of 7 days, demonstrates a dose-dependent decrease in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and significantly mitigates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increases in interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) mRNA expression in heart tissue. Furthermore, it markedly inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production alongside inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10) in vivo. In a study with adult male Sprague Dawley rats (aged 6-8 weeks), varying dosages (12 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg) administered orally daily for a week resulted in decreased haemoglobin (HGB) and ALT levels, as well as reduced heart tissue levels of TNF-α, IL1β, NF-kB, iNOS, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK in LPS-treated rats[1].