Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid neuropeptide that exerts its activity via G-protein-coupled receptors. NPY is widely distributed in the peripheral and central nervous systems. It modulates a variety of physiological processes, e.g. the central reg

Scrambled NPY peptide treatment had no effect on VEGF expression in 4T1 cells. Previous treatment with scrambled NPY at concentrations ranging from 10?10 to 10?7 M made conditioned media from 4T1 cells show no difference in the number of complete endothelial networks or branch points versus control in endothelial tube formation assays [2][3].

In trimethyltin-treated (TMT-treated) rats, treatment with scrambled NPY for 24 h made the expression of Bdnf, NpyR, neurogenic and antiapoptotic genes comparable to that of saline-injected animals (without significant differences). In TMT-treated rats, both saline and scNPY showed no significant modulation (p> 0.05) in the expression levels of Npy1R, Npy2R, and Npy5R [4][5].