neuropeptide y

[D-Trp34]-Neuropeptide Y Acetate is a potent and selective agonist of neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y5 receptor. [D-Trp34]-Neuropeptide acetate Y is a significantly less potent agonist at the NPY Y1, Y2, Y4, and y6 receptors. [D-Trp34]-Neuropeptide Y Acetate markedly increases food intake in rats.

Neuropeptide Y (scrambled) Acetate (Pro-Neuropeptide Y (scrambled) Acetate) is a scrambled peptide of Neuropeptide Y that has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may have neuroprotective effects.

Neuropeptide Y (29-64), amide, human acetate is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and protects rat cortical neurons against β-Amyloid toxicity.

High affinity neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor agonist

[D-Arg25]-Neuropeptide Y (human) ([D-Arg25] NPY), a Y1 receptor selective agonist, plays a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and safeguards rat cortical neurons from β-Amyloid toxicity [1].

Potent neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y5 receptor agonist (pEC50 values are 7.82, 6.28, 6.44 and > 6 at rat Y5, Y4, Y1 and Y2 receptors respectively) that displays > 26-fold, > 1000-fold and > 1000-fold selectivity over Y1, Y2 and Y4 receptors respectively. Induces

Neuropeptide Y (3-36) (human, rat) is a metabolite of neuropeptide Y (NPY) generated by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4). Known as a selective Y2 receptor agonist, Neuropeptide Y (3-36) (human, rat) effectively reduces the release of norepinephrine via the Y2 receptor[1][2].

Neuropeptide Y (29-64), amide, human is a biologically active 36-amino acid peptide.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid neuropeptide that exerts its activity via G-protein-coupled receptors. NPY is widely distributed in the peripheral and central nervous systems. It modulates a variety of physiological processes, e.g. the central reg

High affinity neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor agonist (Ki = 0.39 nM). Also shows affinity for Y4 and Y5 receptors.

Neuropeptide Y (1-24) (human) is a neuropeptide that inhibits the electrically stimulated twitch response in rat vas deferens and activates neurons in the rat CA3 region of the dorsal hippocampus in vivo following N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) induction [1] [2].

Neuropeptide Y (13-36), amide, human is a neuropeptide Y receptor agonist.

Neuropeptide Y(29-64) is a 36 amino acid peptide, a fragment of Neuropeptide Y.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) (3-36) is a C-terminal fragment of NPY, a neuropeptide involved in controlling appetite, blood pressure, cardiac contractility, and intestinal secretion. NPY (3-36) is an endogenous peptide produced by cleavage of NPY by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4). It binds selectively to the NPY receptor Y2 (Ki = 0.41 nM in CHP 234 cells) over the Y1 receptor, where it does not bind at concentrations up to 1 μM. NPY (3-36) (0.1 nM) increases migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by 80% after 12 hours in an in vitro wound closure assay. NPY (3-36) corresponds to residues 3-36 of the human and rat protein sequence.

Neuropeptide Y (2-36) (porcine) is a pig-sourced peptide closely resembling its rat and human counterparts with 97.14% homology. It acts as an agonist for rat neuropeptide receptors Y5, Y2, and Y1, demonstrating EC50 values of 1.2, 1.6, and 3.4 nM, respectively. This compound is utilized in research on obesity and eating disorders [1].

Neuropeptide Y (18-36) (porcine) acts as a competitive antagonist of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) cardiac receptor, effectively blocking the attachment of I-NPY to cardiac ventricular membranes. Its action is concentration-dependent, exhibiting an IC50 value of 158 nM and a Ki value of 140 nM. This compound is utilized in the study of congestive heart failure [1].

Neuropeptide Y (22-36), a 15 amino acid peptide, is a fragment of Neuropeptide Y.Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino-acid neuropeptide that is involved in various physiological and homeostatic processes in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. N

Galanin (1-13)-Neuropeptide Y (25-36) amide exhibits high-affinity binding to galanin receptors, similar to that of galanin itself [1].

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a neuropeptide, plays roles in regulating appetite, vasoconstriction, cardiac contractility, and intestinal secretion, acting as an agonist for NPY receptors Y1, Y2, and Y5. Expressed ubiquitously, NPY modulates cellular responses by selectively inhibiting forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation in L-M(TK-) cells expressing rat Y1 or Y2 and in HEK293 cells expressing rat Y5, more so than in cells expressing rat Y4 receptors (EC50s = 0.15, 2.7, 0.66, and >1,000 nM, respectively). Additionally, it elevates perfusion pressure in isolated guinea pig hearts (EC30 = 1.3 nM) and, when administered intracerebroventricularly at 300 pmol/animal, it notably increases food intake in rats.

Neuropeptide Y (29-64), amide, human (TFA) is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and protects rat cortical neurons against β-Amyloid toxicity.It is showed that Neuropeptide Y (29-64), amide, human (TFA) is able to protect cortical neurons from Aβ25-35 t

Neuropeptide Y (3-36) (porcine) acts as an agonist for the Y2 subtype of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor, effectively stimulating feeding behavior in rats. This compound exhibits high selectivity for the Y2 receptor compared to the non-selective Y1/Y2 receptor ligand, Neuropeptide Y 1-36 [1] [2] [3].

Neuropeptide Y (porcine), a peptide found in the porcine brain, effectively inhibits secretin-stimulated pancreatic secretion [1].

[Leu31,Pro34]-Neuropeptide Y(human,rat) TFA acts as a specific agonist for the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor, while also activating receptors Y4 and Y5. This compound is known to elevate blood pressure in anesthetized rats and enhance food intake [1] [2].

[D-Trp34]-Neuropeptide Y TFA acts as a potent and selective agonist for the neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y5 receptor, demonstrating significantly lower potency at the NPY Y1, Y2, Y4, and Y6 receptors. It has been observed to significantly increase food intake in rats [1] [2].

Neuropeptide Y, porcine TFA, a peptide found in the pig's brain, effectively inhibits secretin-stimulated pancreatic secretion [1].

Neuropeptide Y (human) TFA, a compound implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), exhibits protective effects against β-Amyloid toxicity in rat cortical neurons.

Galanin (1-16), mouse, porcine, rat is a hippocampal galanin receptor agonist(Kd = 3 nM) with high biological activity on locus coeruleus neurons.

Phe-Met-Arg-Phe, amide acetate dose dependently (ED50=23 nM) activates a K+ current in the peptidergic caudodorsal neurons. This peptide appears to localize with neuropeptide Y in some regions of the brain.

Pancreatic Polypeptide (human) acetate is a C-terminally amidated 36 amino acid peptide, which acts as a neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y4/Y5 receptor agonist.

Peptide YY (PYY) (3-36), human (Peptide YY (3-36)) is a gut hormone peptide. Peptide YY (PYY) (3-36), human acts as a Y2 receptor agonist to reduce appetite.

Peptide YY (PYY), a novel 36 amino-acid amidated hormone is a component of the complex neuroendocrine control process.Peptide YY (PYY) can mediate its effects through the Neuropeptide Y receptors.

α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a 13-amino acid peptide hormone produced by post-translational processing of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary gland, as well as in keratinocytes, astrocytes, monocytes, and gastrointestinal cells.1It is an agonist of melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3R) and MC4R that induces cAMP production in Hepa cells expressing the human receptors (EC50s = 0.16 and 56 nM, respectively).2α-MSH (100 pM) reducesS. aureuscolony formation andC. albicansgerm tube formationin vitro.3It inhibits endotoxin-, ceramide-, TNF-α-, or okadaic acid-induced activation of NF-κB in U937 cells.1α-MSH reduces IL-6- or TNF-α-induced ear edema in mice.4It also prevents the development of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and increases survival in a mouse model of septic shock. Increased plasma levels of α-MSH are positively correlated with delayed disease progression and reduced death in patients with HIV.1 1.Catania, A., Airaghi, L., Colombo, G., et al.α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in normal human physiology and disease statesTrends Endocrinol. Metab.11(8)304-308(2000) 2.Miwa, H., Gantz, I., Konda, Y., et al.Structural determinants of the melanocortin peptides required for activation of melanocortin-3 and melanocortin-4 receptorsJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.273(1)367-372(1995) 3.Cutuli, M., Cristiani, S., Lipton, J.M., et al.Antimicrobial effects of a-MSH peptidesJ. Leukoc. Biol.67(2)233-239(2000) 4.Lipton, J.M., Ceriani, G., Macaluso, A., et al.Antiiinflammatory effect of the neuropeptide a-MSH in acute, chronic, and systemic inflammationAnn. N.Y. Acad. Sci.25(741)137-148(1994)

Potent neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor antagonist (pA2 = 10 and 10.5 at rY1 and hY1, receptors respectively). Also a potent and selective NPY Y4 receptor agonist (pEC50 values are 6.0, 8.6 and 6.1 for rY2, hY4 and rY5 receptors respectively). Suppresses

GR231118 TFA, a neuropeptide Y C-terminus analogue, acts as a potent, competitive, and relatively selective antagonist at the human neuropeptide YY receptor, exhibiting a pKi of 10.4. It serves as a strong agonist at the human neuropeptide YY4 receptor with a pEC50 of 8.6 and a pKi of 9.6, while demonstrating weak agonistic activity at both human and rat neuropeptide YY2 and YY5 receptors. Additionally, this compound shows high affinity for the mouse neuropeptide YY6 receptor, with a pKi value of 8.8 [1].

Phe-Met-Arg-Phe, amide dose dependently (ED50=23 nM) activates a K+ current in the peptidergic caudodorsal neurons. This peptide appears to localize with neuropeptide Y in some regions of the brain.

Potent, selective peptide agonist for the neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor (IC50 values for inhibition of NPY binding to human Y5, Y1, Y2 and Y4 receptors are 0.24, 530, > 500, and 51 nM respectively, Ki at Y5 = 0.1 - 0.15 nM). Stimulates food intake in vivo.

(Pro34)-Peptide YY (human) is a highly Y 1 -selective full agonist of Peptide YY /neuropeptide Y receptors [1] .

Agonist at Y4 neuropeptide Y receptors.

CART(55-102)(rat) TFA, a rat-derived satiety factor, exhibits potent appetite-suppressing properties. This compound is intricately linked to both leptin and neuropeptide Y, playing a crucial role in the regulation of hunger. Moreover, CART(55-102)(rat) TFA has been identified to induce anxiety and stress-related behavior, as documented in studies [1] [2].

Peptide YY (PYY) is a 36-amino acid peptide and anorectic gut hormone agonist for the neuropeptide Y receptors Y1, Y2, Y5, and Y6 with EC50 values of 0.7, 0.58, 1, and 0.8 nM, respectively, for supression of forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation. PYY is cleaved in vivo to PYY (3-36) . Release of PYY occurs postprandially in proportion to calorie intake from intestinal enteroendocrine L cells, indicating it may be a satiety signal. In humans, PYY inhibits food intake and gastrointestinal transit in both lean and obese subjects.

CART (55-76), rat, a neuropeptide comprising residues 55-76 of the CART peptide and serving as the N-terminal fragments of CART (55-102), functions as a rat satiety factor. It demonstrates potent appetite-suppressing activity and has a close association with leptin and neuropeptide Y. Additionally, CART (55-76), rat is known to induce anxiety and stress-related behavior [1].

Neuropeptide AF (cattle), an amidated octadecapeptide and RFamide neuropeptide, serves as a ligand for Mas-related gene receptor A4 (MrgprA4) (Mas-related G-protein-coupled Receptor (MRGPR)) with an EC50 of approximately 60 nM, and MrgprC11 with an EC50 of around 300 nM. It also activates G protein-coupled receptors NPFF1 (Neuropeptide Y Receptor) with an EC50 ranging from ~25 to 325 nM, and NPFF2 with an EC50 of approximately 1 to 5 nM. Furthermore, Neuropeptide AF (cattle) exhibits anti-opiate effects and modulates related pain [1] [2].

CART(55-102)(human) TFA, a human satiety factor, exhibits strong appetite-suppressing activity. It is closely linked with leptin and neuropeptide Y [1] [2].

[cPP1-7,NPY19-23,Ala31,Aib32,Gln34]-hPancreatic Polypeptide is a potent, selective neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor agonist, demonstrating binding affinity with an IC50 of 0.24 nM for the hY5 receptor. This compound significantly stimulates food intake [1].

CART (1-39), Human, Rat is a neuropeptide comprising the first 39 residues of the CART peptide. This compound serves as a rat satiety factor, possessing significant appetite-suppressing effects, and demonstrates a close association with leptin and neuropeptide Y. It effectively inhibits regular and starvation-induced feeding and has the capacity to induce anxiety and stress-related behaviors [1].