Xyloidone (NSC-106453) exhibits antifungal activity and completely inhibits the mycelial growth of B. cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Simmonds, M. grisea, and Pythium ultimum Trow over a range of 0.4-33.3 mg/L.

Xyloidone controlls the development of rice blast, tomato late blight, wheat leaf rust, barley powdery mildew and red pepper anthracnose (Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr) S Hughes). Xyloidone is particularly effective in suppressing red pepper anthracnose by 95% at a concentration of 125 mg/L[1].

Xyloidone inhibits vessel regeneration, interferes with vessel anastomosis, and limits plexus formation in zebrafish. Xyloidone induces vascular pruning and growth delay in orthotopic mammary tumors in mice. Xyloidone targets cell adhesion by promoting ubiquitination of the Rho-GTPase Rac1, which is frequently up-regulated in many different cancers[1].