Butylparaben sodium significantly impacts the later phases of spermatogenesis in the testes by impairing hormonal regulation and/or RNA and protein synthesis [1].

Gemcitabine monophosphate disodium salt is a monophosphate derivative of Gemcitabine.

HALOFUGINONE LACTATE is a halogenated derivative of febrifugine, a natural quinazolinone-containing compound found in the Chinese herb D. febrifuga.Halofuginone inhibits prolyl-tRNA synthetase in an ATP-dependent manner with a Ki of 18.3 nM. Halofuginone is a specific inhibitor of type-I collagen synthesis and attenuates osteoarthritis (OA) by inhibition of TGF-β activity

Dehydroaltenusin is a selective eukaryotic DNA polymerase α inhibitor and a type of antibiotic produced by a fungus (IC50: 0.68 μM). Dehydroaltenusin inhibits mammalian pol α activity.

Clevudine (Levovir) is a synthetic pyrimidine analogue with activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Intracellularly, clevudine is phosphorylated to its active metabolites, clevudine monophosphate and triphosphate. The triphosphate metabolite competes with thymidine for incorporation into viral DNA, thereby causing DNA chain termination and inhibiting the function of HBV DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase). Clevudine has a long half-life and shows significant reduction of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), therefore the patient is less likely to have a relapse after treatment is discontinued.