Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) is the hydrochloride salt form of thiamine, a vitamin essential for aerobic metabolism, cell growth, transmission of nerve impulses and acetylcholine synthesis. Upon hydrolysis, Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) is phosphorylated by thiamine diphosphokinase to form active thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), also known as cocarboxylase. TPP is a coenzyme for many enzymatic activities involving fatty acid, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism.

4-Hydroxyacetophenone (4-Acetylphenol) is a potent xanthine oxidase inhibitor.

Telbivudine (NV 02B) is a Hepatitis B Virus Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of telbivudine is as a Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor. The chemical classification of telbivudine is Nucleoside Analog.

Cetylpyridinium Chloride (Hexadecylpyridinium Chloride) is a cationic quaternary ammonium compound used as oropharyngeal antiseptic.

Osalmid (Oxaphenamide) is a choleretic drug, inhibits ribonucleotide reductase activity by targeting ribonucleotide reductase small subunit M2 (RRM2).

Osthole (Osthol), a potential inhibitor of histamine H1 receptor, has been shown to stimulate osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.

1. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Isochlorogenic acid C) has antiviral activity, including anti-HIV-1 integrase activity. 2. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Isochlorogenic acid C) shows anti-hepatotoxic activity.

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (GS-1278 Disoproxil Fumarate) is a pro-drug, fumaric acid salt form of tenofovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor analog of adenosine. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is prescribed to treat HIV and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) in adults.