Procaine (Vitamin H3) is a local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block.

Rifaximin is an orally administered, semi-synthetic, nonsystemic antibiotic derived from rifamycin SV with antibacterial activity. Rifaximin binds to the beta-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis and bacterial cell growth.

N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) is a potent hepatocarcinogenic dialkylnitrosoamine primarily found in water, tobacco smoke, cheddar cheese, cured and fried meals, and many alcoholic beverages. NDEA is responsible for changes in nuclear enzymes related to DNA repair/replication and induces various tumors in all animal species, targeting mainly the liver, nasal cavity, trachea, lung, and esophagus.

Folic acid (Vitamin B9) is a vitamin B9 that is essential for the synthesis of DNA/RNA and for the production and maintenance of new cells. Folic acid deficiency can lead to anemia, neural tube closure defects, tumors, aging, and other diseases.

Levofloxacin is a broad-spectrum, third-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic and optically active L-isomer of ofloxacin with antibacterial activity. Levofloxacin diffuses through the bacterial cell wall and acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase (bacterial topoisomerase II), an enzyme required for DNA replication, RNA transcription, and repair of bacterial DNA. Inhibition of DNA gyrase activity leads to blockage of bacterial cell growth.

Norfloxacin (MK-0366)(Norxacin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Cytarabine (Ara-C) is a nucleoside analog, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis (IC50=16 nM). Cytarabine inhibits DNA polymerase and induces cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis. Cytarabine has antitumor activity.

Ribavirin (Tribavirin) is a synthetic nucleoside analog of ribofuranose with activity against hepatitis C virus and other RNA viruses.