(R)-Lisofylline ((R)-Lisophylline) is an inhibitor of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (IC50 = 0.6 µM). (R)-Lisofylline interrupts IL-12 signaling-mediated STAT4 activation and can be used in studies about the treatment of type 1 diabetes and autoimmune disorders.

(R)-Lisofylline blocks IL-12-driven T cell proliferation and Th1 differentiation yet has no effect on IL-12 secretion[1].

In NOD mice, (R)-Lisofylline prevents β cell dysfunction by inhibition of STAT4 phosphorylation and ameliorates experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. (R)-Lisofylline reduces the impairment of insulin secretion induced by IL-1β in cultured rat islet cells, suppresses IFN-γ production, the onset of diabetes, and macrophage infiltration into islets. (R)-Lisofylline improves insulin response and lowers glucose levels in Streptozotocin-treated rats after the oral glucose tolerance test. In rats given IL-1 intratracheally (R)-Lisofylline pretreatment reduces lung leak but does not decrease neutrophil accumulation in lungs. (R)-Lisofylline improves survival in mice injected with a lethal dose of LPS and ameliorates sepsis-induced lung injury in minipigs[2].