Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (GS-1278 Disoproxil Fumarate) is a pro-drug, fumaric acid salt form of tenofovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor analog of adenosine. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is prescribed to treat HIV and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) in adults.

Tenofovir alafenamide (GS-7340) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and a novel ester prodrug of the antiretroviral tenofovir.

Salicylanilide (2-Hydroxybenzanilide)s are a group of compounds with antiviral potency, antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Methyl gallate (Gallincin) is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor with antioxidant, anti-HIV-1 and HIV-1 enzyme inhibition activities.

Daidzin (Daidzoside) is an isoflavone isolated from soya bean with anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-atherosclerotic activities.

Gramine (Donaxine), a natural indole alkaloid, present in several plant species, acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC50s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist. Gramine has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties.

Abacavir sulfate (Ziagen) , a nucleoside analogue, effectively utilize its antiviral activity

Oltipraz (RP 35972) is a synthetic dithiolethione with potential chemopreventive and anti-angiogenic properties. Oltipraz induces phase II detoxification enzymes, such as glutathione S transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). The induction of detoxification enzymes enhances the detoxification of certain cancer-causing agents, thereby enhancing their elimination and preventing carcinogen-induced DNA damages. Although the exact mechanism through which the anti-angiogenesis effect remains to be fully elucidated, oltipraz maybe able to modulate the expression of a number of angiogenic factors, thereby blocking the sustained and focal neovascularization in multiple tumor cell types.