Dexamethasone (Hexadecadrol) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist and IL receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties that induces autophagy and inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages.

Fenofibrate (Lipanthyl) is a PPARα agonist (EC50=30 μM) and is selective. Fenofibrate also inhibits cytochrome P450 isoforms, such as CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4. Fenofibrate exhibits antihyperlipidemic activity.

Apigenin (NSC 83244) is an aromatic oil extracted from the flowers or leaves of the daisy-like plants. Extracts, oils and teas made from chamomile are used for its soothing qualities as a sedative, mild analgesic and sleep medication. Apigenin has not been implicated in causing serum enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury.

Inosine pranobex (Delimmun) has a number of immunomodulatory effects, including inducing T-lymphocyte differentiation, augmenting macrophage and NK cell functions, and stimulating IL-2 production. Through these effects and others, isoprinosine shows antiviral activity and has applications against subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. It also restores depressed immune responses in Y patients after irradiation and reduces the incidence of infection in leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy. It is most commonly used to treat the rare measles complication subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in conjunction with intrathecal interferon therapy.

Tauroursodeoxycholate (UR 906), also known as ursodoxicoltaurine, is a highly hydrophilic tertiary bile acid that is produced in humans at a low concentration. Tauroursodeoxycholate is the more hydrophilic form of ursodeoxycholic acid, which is the more abundant naturally produced bile acid in humans.Tauroursodeoxycholate is being investigated for use in several conditions such as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), insulin resistance, amyloidosis, Cystic Fibrosis, Cholestasis, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Amlexanox (AA673) is an anti-aphthous ulcer drug. Amlexanox inhibits the synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators, including leukotrienes and histamine, from mast cells, neutrophils, and mononuclear cells. Amlexanox also acts as a leukotriene D4 antagonist and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Amlexanox decreases the time ulcers take to heal as well as the pain associated with the ulcers.

1. L-Arginine (L-Arg) exhibits anti-atherosclerotic effect. 2. L-Arginine and soy enriched diet are effective in prevention of osteoporosis associated with diabetes mellitus. 3. Exogenous L-Arginine could enhance neonate lymphocyte proliferation through an interleukin-2-independent pathway. 4. A combination of oral L-citrulline and L-Arginine effectively and rapidly augments NO-dependent responses at the acute stage.

Dexamethasone acetate (NSC 39471) is the acetate salt form of Dexamethasone, a synthetic adrenal corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory properties. In addition to binding to specific nuclear steroid receptors, dexamethasone also interferes with NF-kB activation and apoptotic pathways. This agent lacks the salt-retaining properties of other related adrenal hormones.