O-Phospho-L-serine (Phosphoserine) is the phosphoric acid ester of serine.

Mephenesin (Cresoxydiol) is a centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.

1. Linalool (Linalol), a natural compound of the essential oils, has been shown to have antinociceptive, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. 2. Linalool was protected against LPS/GalN-induced liver injury through induction of antioxidant defense via Nrf2 activating and reduction inflammatory response via NF-κB inhibition. 3. Linalool biosynthesis and accumulation might be involved in plant defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens and be associated with field resistance to citrus canker. 4. Linalool significantly increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes regulated by Nrf-2 and diminished lung tissue levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6.

L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide), a non-essential amino acid, is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia.

Direct Blue 1 (Pontamine sky blue), a counterstain for background autofluorescence in immunofluorescence histochemistry, structurally resembles glutamate and operates as a potent, competitive VGLUT inhibitor, not impacting plasma membrane transporters. This compound stands out as the inaugural small molecule PrP ligand to inhibit Aβ binding.

D-Cycloserine (RO-1-9213) is a broad spectrum antibiotic used as a second line agent for treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis, always in combination with other antituberculosis agents.

Decanoic Acid (Caprynic acid) acts as a non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist.

Piracetam (UCB-6215), a cyclic derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is used in therapy of the extensive cognitive disorders.