Chikusetsusaponin Ib (Chikusetsu saponin Ib) is an inhibitor of AChE and can be used in studies about anti-Alzheimer's diseases.

1. Kuwanon G (Moracenin B) as dual inhibitors of PTP1B and α-glucosidase enzymes, as well as insulin sensitizers, it may potentially be utilized as an effective treatment for Type II diabetes mellitus. 2. Kuwanon G has anti-inflammatory activity, it can attenuate atherosclerosis through inhibiting foam cell formation and inflammatory response. 3. Kuwanon G is a potent inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase B. 4. Kuwanon G shows acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase(BChE) inhibitory activities, it may be a promising candidate for preventive and therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease. 5. Kuwanon G prevents the pathological progression of allergic asthma through the inhibition of lung destruction by inflammation and immune stimulation. 6. Kuwanon G has antibacterial activity against oral pathogens. 7. Kuwanon G is a specific antagonist for the GRP-preferring receptor and can be useful for studying the physiological and pathological role of GRP.

Tenuifolin has no inherent toxicity to either the transfected or wild type cells at the effective concentrations, it inhibits amyloid-β secretion in vitro.

Y13g dihydrochloride is a potent inhibitor of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (both targets of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression are related). Y13g dihydrochloride reverses STZ-induced memory deficits and exhibits histopathology similar to normal animals.

Rovatirelin (S-0373) is a newly synthesized thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog that ameliorates cytosine arabinoside-induced motor dysfunction in a rat model of spinal cerebellar degeneration via acetylcholine and dopamine neurotransmission.