raw 264.7

Echinatin (Retrochalcone) disturb the mitochondrial energy transfer reactions and membrane permeability, at a low concentration cause deterioration of respiratory control and oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat liver mitochondria, inhibits DNP-ATPase activity while stimulating range latent ATPase activity. Echinatin has significant antioxidant activities, it shows strong scavenging activity toward the ABTS + radical, it also dose-dependently inhibits LPS induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in RAW 264.7 cells and inhibits the production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in LPS-induced macrophage cells.

3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone(5-Deoxykampferol) is a DNA-breaking flavonoid isolated from rosewood heartwood. It inhibits osteoclast differentiation, actin ring formation, and bone resorption in RAW 264.7 cells and bone marrow macrophages induced by NF-κB ligand (RANKL) receptor activators.

Hulupinic acid is the main oxidation product of hop acid, which may inhibit the production of NO in macrophages RAW 264.7 cells.

Kukoamine B mesylate is a novel cationic alkaloid derived from dermatophytes with antioxidant activity, inhibits LPS internalization in Kupffer and RAW 264.7 cells, and can be used to study acute inflammation and diabetes.

Anhydronotoptol (4-{[(2E,5E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,5,7-trien-1-yl]oxy}-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one), a natural compound extracted from the umbelliferae plant Qiangwu, is a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide production, inhibiting LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 36.6 μM.

1. Flavokawain B (Flavokavain B) has potent anti-inflammatory activity, can significantly inhibit production of NO and PGE2 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. 2. Flavokawain B, the hepatotoxic constituent from kava root, induces GSH-sensitive oxidative stress through modulation of IKK/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. 3. Flavokawain B induces apoptosis, has the potential usefulness of FKB for prevention and treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer in an adjuvant setting. 4. Flavokawain B acts through ROS generation and GADD153 up-regulation to regulate the expression of Bcl-2 family members, thereby inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in HCT116 cells.

1. Cornuside (Comuside) has immunomodulatory activity . 2. Cornuside suppresses expression levels of cytokine-induced proinflammatory and adhesion molecules in the human endothelial cells. 3. Cornuside can treat myocardial I/R and protect the liver from CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity, by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses. 4. Cornuside has anti-inflammatory activity by downregulations of iNOS and COX-2 due to NF-κB inhibition as well as the negative regulation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2 phosphorylations in RAW 264.7 cells. 5. Cornuside has protective potential against cerebral ischemic injury, may be due to the suppression of intracellular Ca(2+) elevation and caspase-3 activity, and improvements in mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant properties.

Polygalacin D shows anti- proliferation, anti-inflammary, and hepatoprotective activities, it can inhibit the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced iNOS and COX-2 protein and mRNA without an appreciable cytotoxic effect on RAW 264.7 macrophages, and can suppress induction by LPS of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).

Samidin has anti-inflammatory properties through suppression of NF-κB and AP-1-mediated-genes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

Phaeocaulisin E (Compound 5), a guaiane-type sesquiterpene, inhibits LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, exhibiting an IC50 value of 10.3 µM [1].

Marstenacisside F1, a polyoxypregnanoside derivative of Tenacigenin B with anti-inflammatory properties, has been isolated from Marsdenia tenacissima. It suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells.

Sophoflavescenol is a mixed inhibitor of PDE5 with a K(i) value of 0.005 microM. Sophoflavescenol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic effects , these effects might contribute to the antitumor activity without severe side effects. Sophoflaves

Curindolizine, an indolizine alkaloid, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, demonstrating an IC50 of 5.31 μM [1].

Tachioside has antiobesity, antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, it decreases lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by inhibiting lipogenesis, shows antiobesity activities. Tachioside can inhibit nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 value of 12.14 μM.

β-Chamigrenal has anti-inflammatory activity, it has inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Chamigrenal shows platelet-activating factor antagonistic activity and the IC(50)

Undulatoside A has anti-inflammatory activity, it exhibits inhibition on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide induced RAW 264.7 macrophages with the IC50 value of 49.8 uM.

Rutaevin shows the inhibitory activity on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages, it may be as a valuable anti-inflammatory agent.

Grasshopper ketone, isolated from the brown alga Sargassum, is a potent inhibitor of LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells and induces anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting MAPK (ERK, JNK and p38) and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation.

Neogrifolin is a potential candidate for osteosarcoma, it can induce concentration- and time-dependent suppression of proliferation and induce apoptosis in U2OS and MG63 osteosarcoma cell lines; it exhibits inhibitory activity against nitric oxide (NO) production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells with the IC50value of 23.3 microM. Neogrifolin possesses antimicrobial activities against Bacillus cereus and Enterococcus faecalis, the MIC values of 20 and 0.5 microg/mL, respectively.

Cnidicin has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activity, it inhibits the degranulation of mast cell and the NO generation in RAW 264.7 cells(IC50 value, 7.5 microM). Cnidicin exhibits a significant inhibition on the proliferation of cultured human tumor

Chlojaponilactone B has anti-inflammatory activity, it exhibits pronounced inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Hyperectumine demonstrates moderate anti-inflammatory efficacy by inhibiting the activity of inflammatory mediators induced by LPS in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.

Carpinontriol B has antimicrobial activity, it at 40 ug/disk caused the formation of zones of inhibition. It also has anti-inflammatory activity, it shows considerable inhibition on the production of nitric oxide and reduces the production of interleukin-6 in dose-dependent manner in RAW 264.7 cells.

Catalpalactone exhibits high antitermitic, and cytotoxic activities, it exhibits potent inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced NO synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells , with IC50 values of 9.80 microM. Catalpalactone can inhibit dopamine biosynthesis by

Sanggenon N shows protective effects on t-BHP-induced oxidative stress with the EC50 value of 23.45 ± 4.72 uM. It inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Glyasperin F has antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory effects, it could inhibit NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages to some extent. Glyasperin F displayed cytotoxic effects against the four tested cancer cell lines with IC50values below 85 μM.

1. Irisflorentin blocks apoptosis pathways, by exerting its effects by promoting rpn-3 expression to enhance the activity of proteasomes and down-regulating egl-1 expression. 2. Irisflorentin has anti-inflammatory mechanism in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macr

4,9-Dihydroxy-alpha-lapachone has antitumor-promoting effects, it exhibits significant inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation in Raji cells. 4,9-Dihydroxy-alpha-l

Dactylorhin A, a succinate derivative ester isolated from the rhizomes of Gymnadenia conopsea, demonstrates a moderate inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.

Euphohelioscopin A, an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), it inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of the myeloid leukemia cell lines THP-1 and HL-60. Euphohelioscopin A has anti-inflammary activity, it exhibits moderate inhibitory activity

Cimifugin (Cimitin) inhibits NO production induced by lipopolysaccharide in macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and for 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free-radical scavenging activity in cell-free bioassay system.

Nepetoidin B has anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and antiinflammatory effects, it can inhibit LPS-stimulated NO production possibly via modulation of iNOS mediated by MKP-5/NF-κB pathways in RAW 264.7 cells.

1. Monotropein (Monotropeine) has antinociceptive action. 2. Monotropein has anti-apoptosis and anti-catabolic activity in chondrocytes. 3. Monotropein has anti-inflammatory action by inhibition of the expressions of inflammatory mediators via NF-κB inactivation, and support its possible therapeutic role in colitis. 4. Monotrope ininhibit the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages.

2,4,6-Trichlorol-3-methyl-5-methoxy-phenol 1-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside is a chlorophenyl glycoside that is commonly found in the bulbs of Lilium brownie var. viridulum. This compound has been observed to exhibit a weak inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

Ergolide, a sesquiterpene lactone extracted from the dried flowers of Inula Britannica, effectively hinders the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclo-oxygenase-2 in RAW 264.7 macrophages by deactivating NF-κB.

7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin (5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone) has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal activities, it also shows moderate antitrypanosomal activity with MIC value of 19.0 ug/ml

Avicularin (Fenicularin) has anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-tumor and other activities. It ameliorates human hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating the activities of NF-κB(p65), COX-2, and PPAR-γ. In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, it exerts anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway.

Kauran-16,17-diol, a natural diterpenoid product, exhibits anti-tumoral and apoptosis-inducing activities by inhibiting NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 17 μM.

Moslosooflavone (5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone) has anti-hypoxia activity, it can significantly prolong the survival time of hypoxic mice. 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone significantly inhibits the transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB in LPS/IFN-gamma stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Madecassic acid (L-fucopyranose) is extracted from the whole herb of Centella asiatica.

Schizandriside may have anti-inflammatory effects, it has inhibitory activities against nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) production in IFN-γ- and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. It shows significant cytotoxicity against A549, SK-OV-3, SK

Epibetulinic acid has anti-inflammatory activity, it exhibits potent inhibitory effects on NO and prostaglandin E(2) production in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with bacterial endotoxin.

Futokadsurin C can inhibit nitric oxide production by a murine macrophage-like cell line (RAW 264.7), which is activated by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma.

Collinin is a coumarin that has been found in Z. schinifolium and has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4 It is active against drug-susceptible and -resistant strains of M. tuberculosis (MIC50s = 3.13-6.25 μg/ml).1 Collinin inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production (IC50 = 5.9 μM) and reduces COX-2 protein levels in RAW 264.7 cells.2 It completely inhibits aggregation of isolated rabbit platelets induced by arachidonic acid , collagen, or platelet activating factor (PAF) when used at a concentration of 100 μM.3 Dietary administration of collinin (0.05% w/w) reduces the number of mice with tumors and the number of tumors per mouse in a mouse model of colitis-related carcinogenesis.4 |1. Kim, S., Seo, H., Al Mahmud, H., et al. In vitro activity of collinin isolated from the leaves of Zanthoxylum schinifolium against multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Phytomedicine 46, 104-110 (2018).|2. Nguyen, P.-H., Zhao, B.T., Kim, O., et al. Anti-inflammatory terpenylated coumarins from the leaves of Zanthoxylum schinifolium with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. J. Nat. Med. 70(2), 276-281 (2016).|3. I.S., C., Lin, Y.C., Tsai, I.L., et al. Coumarins and anti-platelet aggregation constituents from Zanthoxylum schinifolium. Phytochemistry 39(5), 1091-1097 (1995).|4. Kohno, H., Suzuki, R., Curini, M., et al. Dietary administration with prenyloxycoumarins, auraptene and collinin, inhibits colitis-related colon carcinogenesis in mice. Int. J. Cancer 118(12), 2936-2942 (2006).

Villosin exhibits potent cytotoxic activity , it may be used as a potential lead molecule for antitumor therapeutic development. Villosin shows inhibitory effects against nitric oxide production in LPS and IFN-γ-induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophages with I

Heliangin shows anti-inflammatory effects, it can inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation through signaling NF-κB pathway on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Heliangin has anti-cancer activity, it exhibits cytotoxicity against human oral epidermoid (

Pseudocoptisine chloride (Isocoptisine chloride) is isolated from Corydalis Tuber with anti-inflammatory and anti-amnestic properties. Pseudocoptisine chloride inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (IC50 = 12.8 μM).

Tormentic acid is a natural product. It has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic , anti-allodynic, and hepatoprotective properties,

Pd-C-II has anti-inflammation activity, it can inhibit TNF-α production and iNOS protein expression and inhibit COX-2 protein expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Pd-C-II inhibits anaphylactic mediator release from purified mast cells induced by

Siegeskaurolic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects, which due to the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages via NF-kappaB inactivation.