Emtricitabine (FTC) (FTC), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, exhibits inhibition activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus.

Lamivudine (BCH-189) is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease.

Daidzein (Isoflavone) is an isoflavone extract from soy, which is an inactive analog of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein. It has antioxidant and phytoestrogenic properties.

Thymidine (DThyd) is a cell synchronizing agent and a specific precursor of deoxyribonucleic acid. Thymidine inhibits DNA synthesis and can cause cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase.

Tributyrin (Glyceryl tributyrate), a neutral short-chain fatty acid triglyceride, is a stable and rapidly absorbed prodrug of Butyric Acid. It diffuses through biological membranes and is metabolized by intracellular lipases, releasing effective butyrate directly into cells in vivo, exhibiting potent proapoptotic, antiproliferative, and differentiation-inducing effects.