HIV-1 Rev (34-50) (HIV-1 rev Protein (34-50)) is a 17 amino acid peptide with anti-HIV-1 activity. HIV-1 Rev (34-50) is derived from the Rev-responsive element-binding domains of Rev in HIV-1.

Pol (476-484), HIV-1 RT Epitope is a biologically active peptide and represents the dominant HLA A*0201-restricted epitope within HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), spanning Pol residues 476-484. It has been utilized to explore potential mechanisms of HIV-1 escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), with IV9 being the specific epitope processed and presented in HIV-1-infected cell lines.

HIV-1 TAT (48-60) is a cell-penetrating peptide derived from the human immunodeficient virus (HIV)-1 Tat protein residue 48-60. This is one of the cell-penetrating peptides generated from the human immunodeficient virus -1 Tat protein residue 48-60.

HIV p17 Gag (77-85) is an attractive target for molecular intervention, because it is involved in the viral replication cycle at both the pre- and postintegration levels. In the present experiments, we targeted p17 by intracellularly expressing a cDNA enc

HIV Protease Substrate I, a chromogenic substrate for HIV-1 protease, contains the protease's cleavage site [1].

MPG, a 27-amino acid peptide compound, is derived from the fusion peptide domain of HIV-1 gp41 and the nuclear localisation sequence of SV40 large T antigen. As a potent delivery agent, MPG enables efficient and widespread transport of nucleic acids and oligonucleotides into cultured cells.

HIV Protease Substrate 1 TFA, a fluorogenic substrate for HIV protease, facilitates the investigation of the enzyme's activity [1].

GP120, HIV-1 MN, a peptide, is utilized in researching HIV infection [1] [2].

Fluorescent HIV Substrate is a HIV substrate.

HIV gag peptide (197-205) is a H-2Kd-restricted epitope derived from the p24 portion of the HIV-1 gag protein and composed of the amino acid 197-205 (AMQMLKETI).

HIV-1 TAT (48-60), a cell-penetrating peptide originating from residues 48-60 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 Tat protein, facilitates the non-disruptive delivery of exogenous macromolecules into cells.

HIV Protease Substrate IV, a substrate for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) protease, facilitates the measurement of HIV-1 protease activity [1].

HIV Protease Substrate 1 is a fluorogenic compound that offers insights into the enzymatic activity of HIV protease, making it a valuable tool for studying this aspect.

HIV-IN petide is a competitive inhibitor of HIV-1 protease (K i =50 nM) [1] .

(Cys47)-HIV-1 tat Protein (47-57) possesses membrane translocation functionality and can serve as a surface derivatization agent for magnetic pharmaceuticals, thereby enhancing their uptake into specific target cells.

HIV-1, HIV-2 Protease Substrate is a compound serving as the substrate for the proteases of both HIV-1 and HIV-2, featuring four residues that allow for conservative substitutions at the substrate binding sites of these enzymes [1].

Cys-TAT(47-57) (Cys-[HIV-Tat (47-57)]) is an arginine rich cell penetrating peptide derived from the HIV-1 transactivating protein.This peptide corresponds to the protein transduction domain of the TAT protein.

TC14012 acetate is a serum-stable derivative of T140 which is a selective and peptidomimetic CXCR4 antagonist with an IC50 of 19.3 nM. TC14012 is also a potent CXCR7 agonist with an EC50 of 350 nM for recruiting β-arrestin 2 to CXCR7. TC14012 has anti-cancer activity and anti-HIV activity.

ALX 40-4C acetate is a CXCR4 inhibitor of the chemokine receptor (Ki = 1 μM) and suppresses the replication of X4 strains of HIV-1. ALX 40-4C acetate is an antagonist of the APJ receptor (IC50 = 2.9 μM).

P-113 acetate is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) derived from the human salivary protein histatin 5, shows good safety and efficacy profiles in gingivitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with oral candidiasis.

TAT peptide (YGRKKRRQRRR), originating from the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) transactivator of transcription (TAT), enhances the solubility and production of heterologous proteins[1]. This cell-penetrating peptide demonstrates significant potential in biotechnological applications.

Tat-beclin 1 acetate is a potent inducer of autophagy and interacts with the negative regulator of autophagy, GAPR-1. Tat-beclin 1 acetate decreases the accumulation of polyglutamine expansion protein aggregates and the replication of several pathogens (including HIV-1).

Cys-TAT(47-57) acetate is derived from the HIV-1 transactivating protein. Cys-TAT(47-57) acetate is an arginine rich peptide that can penetrate cells.

Peptide T acetate is an octapeptide from the V2 region of HIV-1 gp120. Peptide T is a synthetic octapeptide whose possible mechanism of action is the competitive inhibition of gp120 to the CD4 receptor as well as binding to vasointestinal peptide receptors and inhibiting cytokine action

Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (248-286), or PAP (248-286), is a biologically active peptide and a semen-derived enhancer of viral infection (SEVI) factor present in semen. It significantly amplifies HIV infection by promoting enhanced virion attachment to target cells.

RP 71955 is an antimicrobial peptide with activity against HIV-1 [1].

N36 peptide, an (HIV-1 gp41 fusion peptide), exhibits biological activity.

Enfuvirtide (INN) is an HIV fusion inhibitor, the first of a class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

Endogenous APJ receptor agonist that is secreted by adipocytes. Binds with high affinity to APJ receptors (IC50 = 5.4 nM) and potently inhibits cAMP production in vitro (EC50 = 0.52 nM). Involved in regulation of cardiovascular function, fluid homeostasis

α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a 13-amino acid peptide hormone produced by post-translational processing of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary gland, as well as in keratinocytes, astrocytes, monocytes, and gastrointestinal cells.1It is an agonist of melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3R) and MC4R that induces cAMP production in Hepa cells expressing the human receptors (EC50s = 0.16 and 56 nM, respectively).2α-MSH (100 pM) reducesS. aureuscolony formation andC. albicansgerm tube formationin vitro.3It inhibits endotoxin-, ceramide-, TNF-α-, or okadaic acid-induced activation of NF-κB in U937 cells.1α-MSH reduces IL-6- or TNF-α-induced ear edema in mice.4It also prevents the development of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and increases survival in a mouse model of septic shock. Increased plasma levels of α-MSH are positively correlated with delayed disease progression and reduced death in patients with HIV.1 1.Catania, A., Airaghi, L., Colombo, G., et al.α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in normal human physiology and disease statesTrends Endocrinol. Metab.11(8)304-308(2000) 2.Miwa, H., Gantz, I., Konda, Y., et al.Structural determinants of the melanocortin peptides required for activation of melanocortin-3 and melanocortin-4 receptorsJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.273(1)367-372(1995) 3.Cutuli, M., Cristiani, S., Lipton, J.M., et al.Antimicrobial effects of a-MSH peptidesJ. Leukoc. Biol.67(2)233-239(2000) 4.Lipton, J.M., Ceriani, G., Macaluso, A., et al.Antiiinflammatory effect of the neuropeptide a-MSH in acute, chronic, and systemic inflammationAnn. N.Y. Acad. Sci.25(741)137-148(1994)

Peptide T (TFA) is an octapeptide derived from the V2 region of HIV-1 gp120. It serves as a ligand for the CD4 receptor, effectively inhibiting the binding of HIV to the CD4 receptor.

Peptide T is an octapeptide from the V2 region of HIV-1 gp120. Peptide T is a synthetic octapeptide whose possible mechanism of action is the competitive inhibition of gp120 to the CD4 receptor as well as binding to vasointestinal peptide receptors and in

TAT TFA (YGRKKRRQRRR) is derived from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) transcription reverse activator TAT, is a cell penetrating peptide.

Siamycin I is a tricyclic peptide originally isolated from Streptomyces and has antiviral and antibacterial activities. It is active against laboratory strains and clinical isolates of HIV-1 (ED50s = 0.05-0.45 and 0.89-5.7 μM, respectively), as well as the CBL-20 strain of HIV-2 (ED50 = 0.45 μM), in vitro. Siamycin I inhibits HIV-induced fusion of C8166 T cells with HIV-1-infected CEM-SS cells with an ED50 value of 0.08 μM. It is also active against B. subtilis, M. luteus, and S. aureus (MICs = 1.6-6.3 μg/ml). Siamycin I inhibits autophosphorylation of the E. faecalis quorum sensing kinase FsrC induced by gelatinase biosynthesis-activating pheromone (GBAP).

Tat-beclin 1, a peptide derived from the autophagy protein beclin 1, is a powerful inducer of autophagy. It interacts with GAPR-1 (GLIPR2), a negative regulator of autophagy. Tat-beclin 1 effectively reduces the buildup of polyglutamine expansion protein aggregates and inhibits the replication of various pathogens, such as HIV-1, in laboratory experiments. In addition, it has demonstrated the ability to decrease mortality in mice infected with chikungunya (CHIKV) or West Nile virus (WNV).

Tat-HA-NR2B9, comprising an HIV-1 Tat transduction domain fragment, an influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) epitope-tag, and the C-terminal 9 amino acids of NR2B (NR2B9c), has demonstrated efficacy in reducing infarct size and enhancing neurological function following ischemia-induced cerebral injury in rats [1].

Retrocyclin-1, a Theta-defensin, selectively binds to carbohydrate-rich surface molecules such as fetuin, gp120 (K d =35.4 nM), CD4 (K d =31 nM), and galactosylceramide (K d =24.1 nM) [1], thereby shielding cells from HIV-1 infection.

Retrocyclin-2 is an antimicrobial peptide effective against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) [1].

Endogenous APJ receptor agonist (EC50 = 20 nM) that is secreted by adipocytes. Binds with high affinity to human APJ receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells (pIC50= 8.61). Involved in regulation of cardiovascular function, fluid homeostasis and feeding. Bloc

TAT-HA2 Fusion Peptide, a peptide-based delivery agent, synergizes the pH-sensitive HA2 fusion peptide from Influenza with the cell-penetrating peptide TAT from HIV. This compound facilitates the cellular uptake of macromolecules through the TAT component and triggers their release into cells by exploiting the acidifying endosomal lumen to induce membrane leakage via the HA2 component [1].

TAT (48-57) is a cell-permeable peptide, derived from HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein residue 48-57.This peptide is amino acid residues 48 to 57 fragment of the basic domain of HIV Tat.

Selective VPAC2 receptor agonist (EC50 values are 0.4, 100 and >1000 nM for VPAC2, VPAC1 and PAC1, respectively in a cAMP accumulation assay; IC50 values are 60, 8700 and >10000 nM for VPAC2, VPAC1 and PAC1, respectively in a competition binding assay). S

Retrocyclin-3 is an antimicrobial peptide that exhibits activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) [1].

HEP-1 (Human ezrin peptide (324-337)) is an orally active peptide exhibiting anti-HIV properties and has been shown to augment antibody titers following hepatitis B vaccination. With its potential applications in combating viral infections, HEP-1 warrants further investigation [1].

GluR23Y, a biologically active peptide, was utilized in an ELISA-based cell-surface assay to assess insulin-stimulated endocytosis of native AMPA receptors in cultured hippocampal neurons. GluR23Y effectively inhibited the insulin-induced decrease in receptor presence. The inhibition of insulin effects was achieved by introducing GluR23Y into neurons through fusion with the membrane transduction domain of HIV-1 TAT.

ELDKWA, a highly conserved sequence of amino acids located on the ecto-domain of gp41, serves as the epitope for mAb 2F5, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 [1] [2].

Cell-permeable calmodulin (CaM) agonist that binds to the EF-hand/Ca2+-binding site; produces CaM-dependent activation of phosphodiesterase. Also binds to cytoplasmic sites on other Ca2+ channels, including NMDA and HIV-1 gp120-activated channels, inhibit

Peptide T amide is an octapeptide segment of HIV envelope gp120 and is used in AIDS therapy.

FC131 TFA (606968-52-9 free base) (FC131 TFA) is an antagonist of CXCR4 that inhibits the binding of [125I] -sdf-1 to CXCR4(IC50 : 4.5 nM ), and has anti-hiv activity.

TC 14012, a peptidomimetic compound, acts as both an antagonist to the chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4; IC50 = 2.9 nM) and as an agonist for CXCR7, effectively recruiting β-arrestin in HEK293T cells that express CXCR7 (EC50 = 350 nM). Moreover, it demonstrates significant antiviral activity by reducing the cytopathic effects of HIV in MT-4 cells with an EC50 value of 0.4 nM and inhibiting HIV entry in vitro through a CXCR4-dependent pathway (IC50 = 19.3 nM). Additionally, TC 14012 suppresses chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12)-induced migration in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) within the 10 to 1,000 nM concentration range. In a mouse model, administration of TC 14012 at 10 mg/kg significantly reduced infarct size following acute myocardial infarction induced by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery.