Dolutegravir sodium (GSK-1349572A) salt(DTG; GSK1349572) is an HIV integrase inhibitor(IC50: 2.7 nM), modest activity against raltegravir-resistant signature mutants Y143R, Q148K, N155H, and G140S/Q148H.

HIV integrase:2.7 nM

Dolutegravir(S/GSK1349572) inhibits HIV-1 integrase-catalyzed strand transfer with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.7 nM. S/GSK1349572 inhibits both the HIV integration reaction strand transfer step in vitro and HIV replication in cells with similar potencies. The inhibitor has no effect on total viral DNA synthesis in infected cells but blocks the integration of viral DNA into host DNA with the same potency as its antiviral effect[1].

The bioavailability of dolutegravir was high when administered as a solution, but was limited by dissolution rate or solubility when administered as a suspension. Dolutegravir is the major circulating component in mice, rats, and monkeys, with direct ether glucuronidation shown to be the primary biotransformation pathway. Dolutegravir is primarily eliminated via the feces either unabsorbed or by hydrolysis of the glucuronide or glucose conjugate[2].

In vitro growth inhibition (cytotoxicity) studies are conducted with S/GSK1349572 in proliferating human leukemic and lymphomic cell lines (IM-9, U-937, MT-4, and Molt-4) as well as in stimulated and unstimulated human PBMCs. ATP levels are quantified by using the CellTiter-Glo luciferase reagent to measure the ability of a compound to inhibit cell growth as an indicator of the compound's potential for cytotoxicity.(Only for Reference)