Elamipretide acetate (MTP 131 acetate) is a derivative of Elamipretide, a small mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide (D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2) that can be used in studies to reduce the production of toxic reactive oxygen species and stabilize cardiolipin.

In vitro experiment it exhibited that treatment with 1 µM elamipretide in cultured ARPE-19 cells results in accelerating an increase in mitochondrial volume.[3]
In vitro, added in the freeze media with 1 and 10 µM Elamipretide obviously improved post-thaw sperm parameters including motility and viability, stability of the plasma membrane, and mitochondria and chromosomes.[4]
In control INS1 cells, treatment with 1 µM Elamipretide for 20 h suffiently increase the engulfment of mitochondria into autophagosomes, but it has no increase at 10 µM Elamipretide, suggesting a complete reversal of mitochondrial fragmentation induced by nutrient excess at 10 µM, while not being complete at 1 µM.[5]

In vivo, 1 mg/kg MTP-131 treatment reversed visual decline without improving glycemic control or reducing body weight in diabetic mouse models.[6]
In vivo test it shown that treatment repeatedly with 5 mg/kg elamipretide intraperitoneally in mice provided maximum neuroprotective effects without any adverse effects[7].
Treatment with 3 mg/kg/day SS-31 (elamipretide) restored redox homeostasis, improved mitochondrial quality, and increased exercise tolerance without an increase in mitochondrial content in aged mice.[8]