Forsythoside B binds to LPS and reduces the biological activity of serum LPS, and inhibits NF-κB activation. Forsythoside B inhibits the inflammatory response and has antioxidant properties. Potent neuroprotective effects with a favorable therapeutic time

Forsythoside B down-regulates the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and high-mobility group-box 1 protein (HMGB1) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, inhibits the IκB kinase (IKK) pathway and modulated nuclear factor (NF)- κB in a concentration-dependently manner[1].

Intravenous administration of forsythoside B, either alone or in combination with imipenem, significantly diminishes the serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB1, TREM-1, and endotoxin, while simultaneously increasing the level of IL-10. It also decreases myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the lung, liver, and small intestine[1]. Administered at dosages exceeding 8 mg/kg, forsythoside B exhibits considerable neuroprotective effects in rats subjected to cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, with notable efficacy even when administration is delayed by 1 h, 3 h, or 5 h. It reduces brain infarct size and edema, lowers cerebral Evans blue dye leakage and MPO activity, and inhibits expression of cerebral phosphor-IκB-α and NF-κB[2]. Furthermore, forsythoside B at 20 mg/kg significantly enhances myocardial function, evidenced by improved left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and maximal rate of pressure change (±dp/dt(max)), alongside a reduction in myocardial infarct volume, serum Tn-T, TNF-alpha, IL-6 levels, myocardial malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and MPO activity. It also downregulates the protein expression of HMGB1, phosphor-IκB-α, and phosphor-NF-κB, along with mitigating the decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities[3]. Additionally, forsythoside B, with or without imipenem, lowers CLP-induced mortality rates in rats.

Forsythoside B is dissolved in sterile saline solution and added to the medium at various concentrations (from 0.1 to 10 μM) and incubated with LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Cell-free supernatants are collected after Forsythoside B treatment for 24 h. Cell viability is assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the medium[1].