5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid shows anti-oxidative activity; it also shows anti-inflammatory activity, the underlying mechanism was associated with downregulation of nuclear factor-κB.

Sesamin is a selective delta 5 desaturase inhibitor in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids and is a lignan abundantly present in sesame oil. It has potent neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia.

Salvianolic acid A (Dan Phenolic Acid A) is a natural product and an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). Salvianolic acid A has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and protects the blood-brain barrier.

Methyl rosmarinate is a noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitor isolated from Rabdosia serra, with an IC50 of 0.28 mM for mushroom tyrosinase. It exhibits antioxidative and antifungal activities, and also inhibits tyrosinase, α±-glucosidase, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1).

Forsythiaside A (Forsythiaside) has antimicrobial, anticomplementary, anti-inflammatory and antiendotoxin activities. Forsythiaside A inhibits Infected cells was confirmed by infecting primary chicken embryo kidney cells.

Daphnetin (7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin), a natural coumarin derivative, is a protein kinase inhibitor with inhibitory for EGFR (IC50: 7.67 μM), PKA (IC50: 9.33 μM), and PKC (IC50: 25.01 μM), also exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

5-Feruloylquinic acid (5-FQA) is a potent Sirt1 agonist and a potential lead compound for further testing in the drug development process for aging-associated diseases.

Plantainoside D (Isoplantamajoside) shows potent antioxidative effects as those of ascorbic acid, it shows angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory inhibitory activity in vitro with the IC(50) value of 2.17 mM, it also shows inhibitory activity against PKCalpha with the IC50 value14.8microM.

3-O-p-Coumaroylquinic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid derivative, is isolated from a 70% methanolic Crataegus extract (Crataegi folium cum flore).

Chlorogenic acid is a natural phenol found in honeysuckle. Chlorogenic acid has a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective.

3',6-Disinapoylsucrose (Disinapoyl sucrose) shows the neuroprotective effect and antidepressive activity in rats.

Magnesium Lithospermate B is a natural product activates eNOS and ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in diabetes by enhancing vasodilation in addition to reducing oxidative stress, it can protecte cardiomyocytes from ischemic injury through specific inhibition of TAB1-p38 apoptosis signaling.improves renal failure.

Verbascoside (Kusaginin) is a protein kinase C inhibitor with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory activities.

3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Isochlorogenic acid B) has antioxidant activity.

1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (CYNARIN) is a natural product. It shows antioxidant and choleretic properties and is a potential immunosuppressive agent.

p-Coumaric Acid Ethyl Ester (Ethyl (E)-p-hydroxycinnamate) is the ethyl ester of p-Coumaric acid. p-Coumaric Acid is a common dietary polyphenol and also a potent immunosuppressive agent in treating autoimmune inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.

Syringin (eleutheroside-b) is a compound with antitumor, antiproliferative, immunomodulatory and platelet aggregation inhibiting effects.

1. Cryptochlorogenic acid (4-O-Caffeoylquinic acid) has antioxidant activity.

1. Cistanoside A possesses protective activities on CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in mice, which is involved with increasing free radicals clearing activities, alleviating lipid-overoxidation damage, and improving respiratory chain function in mitochondria.

Elemicin (Elemicine) is a constituent of several plant species' essential oils with anticholinergic effects in human.

Dimethyl lithospermate B (dmLSB) is a selective Na+ channel agonist.

Coniferyl ferulate is a strong inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GST) isolated from Radix Angelicae sinensis. It shows strong inhibition of human placental GST (IC50: 0.3 μM). It also reverses multidrug resistance and downregulates P-glycoprotein.

Tenuifoliside A has anti-apoptotic , neuroprotective activity. And tenuifoliside A has anti-inflammatory effect, which is mediated by the inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways.

Angoroside C is a Potential anti-inflammatory compound. Inhibitor of prostaglandin E2 release in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Shows potent antioxidative activity in reducing the oxidized OH adducts of dAMP and dGMP. Reveals some trypanocidal potential.

Caftaric acid (trans-Caftaric acid) is a natural product with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, antimutagenicity, and an inhibitor of protein-protein interactions mediated by Src family kinases.

N-p-trans-Coumaroyltyramine is a natural product and an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor with an IC50 of 122 μM. It also exhibits anti-trypanosomal activity with an IC50 of 13.3 μM for T. brucei rhodesiense.

Bergapten (5-Methoxypsoralen), a psoralen, inhibits cell replication.

Schisandrin B (Schisandrin B (Sch B)) has an antioxidant effect on rodent liver and heart.

Myrislignan has anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities, it inhibited NF-κB signalling pathway activation, inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, it also significantly induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest

Isoacteoside has the anti-inflammatory effect, mediated by action on caspase-1, mitogen-activated protein kinases (c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase) and nuclear factor-kappa B pathways.

Imperatorin (8-Isopentenyloxypsoralene) is a modulator of p38, ERK pathway. Imperatorin increases BMP-2 expression (mRNA) and increases bone density volume and mineralization in vivo.

3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester is a natural product derived from Morus alba L.

2'-Acetylacteoside has antioxidative activity. It can significantly attenuate glutamate-induced neurotoxicity at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 μM. 2'-Acetylacteoside shows antiproliferative effects on aortic smooth muscle, indicates that it may ha

9'-Methyllithospermate B is a natural extract obtained from Cynoglossum columnae.

Sinapine Thiocyanate, is a derivative of Sinapine (S486605), an alkaloidal amine found in black mustard seeds. It is the choline ester of Sinapic Acid (S486800). It is also a phenolic-chloine conjugates, acting as anti-oxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, that can be used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Rosarin has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Rosarin supresses the expression of the proinflammatory factors iNOS, IL-1 β, and TNF- α in the kidney and prefrontal cortex of brain in mice .

Regaloside B, a phenylpropanoid isolated from Lilium longiflorum, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the expression of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2).

Plantamajoside (Y0160) has anti-hepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive activities, improving sexual function and antioxidant activity.

Fraxetin (7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy coumarin) has dual-antioxidative ,hepatoprotective and antihyperglycemic functions, it shows potent protective effects against CCl4 induced oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis, has a marked inhibitory effect on S.aureus proliferation. It increased the level of Nrf2 ARE, and HO-1, inhibit the formation of ROS, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3 and 9, and suppressed the up-regulation of Bax.

L-Chicoric Acid (trans-Caffeoyltartaric acid) has been shown to inhibit hyaluronidase and HIV-1 integrase, and to possess phagoeytosis stimulatory activity in vitro and in vivo and antiviral acitivy. L-Chicoric acid may reduce acute alcohol-induced steatosis in mice through interfering with the induction of iNOS and iNOS-dependent signaling cascades in the liver. 3. L-Chicoric acid inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes which was characterized by chromatin condensation and poly ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP) cleavage.

3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid is a tryptophan metabolite in the kynurenine pathway. It has been found in human epidermis and bladder tissue and has been detected in a variety of biological fluids such as urine and blood. Within cells, it is primarily located in the cytoplasm. It is present in all eukaryotes from yeast to humans. 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid has antioxidant activity.

Neochlorogenic acid (trans-5-O-Caffeoylquinic acid) is an antioxidant compound used in the treatment of oxidative stress and related afflictions.

Forsythoside E is a natutal product isolated from fruits of forsythia suspensa.

Rosavin (Rosavidin) has antidepressant and anxiolytic actions, helps balance all the neurotransmitters.

1,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid has antioxidant activity.1,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid is a potent and highly selective class of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors, inhibitsHIV-1 replication in MT-2 cell culture at non-toxic concentrations.

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is an enzyme inhibitor.4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (4-HPPA) is a keto acid that is involved in the tyrosine catabolism pathway. It is a product of the enzyme (R)-4-hydroxyphenyllactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.222) and is formed during tyrosine metabolism. The conversion from tyrosine to 4-HPPA is catalyzed by tyrosine aminotransferase. Additionally, 4-HPPA can be converted to homogentisic acid which is one of the precursors to ochronotic pigment. The enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase (HPD) catalyzes the reaction that converts 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid to homogentisic acid. A deficiency in the catalytic activity of HPD is known to lead to tyrosinemia type III, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by elevated levels of blood tyrosine and massive excretion of tyrosine derivatives into urine. It has been shown that hawkinsinuria, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the excretion of 'hawkinsin,' may also be a result of HPD deficiency . Moreover, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is also found to be associated in phenylketonuria, which is also an inborn error of metabolism. There are two isomers of HPPA, specifically 4HPPA and 3HPPA, of which 4HPPA is the most common.

Coniferaldehyde (Ferulaldehyde) is a member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3. It has a role as an antifungal agent and a plant metabolite. It is a member of cinnamaldehydes, a phenylpropanoid and a member of guaiacols. It derives from a cinnamaldehyde.

Sinapaldehyde (trans-3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamaldehyde) is a natural product. Sinapaldehyde exhibits moderate antibacterial against Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and E. coli with MIC values of 128 and 128 μg mL.