Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a natural product from animals

1. Resibufogenin (Bufogenin) is a cytotoxic steroid isolated from the Chinese drug ChanSu. 2. Resibufogenin can inhibit rectifier potassium current ( I K ) and transient potassium current ( I A ), it has pathological effects on central nervous system. 3. Resibufogenin corrects hypertension in a rat model of human preeclampsia, it not only prevents the advent of hypertension and proteinuria, but also the development of intrauterine growth restriction.4. Resibufogenina's major metabolic pathway in the human liver is CYP3A4 dominantly mediated 5β-hydroxylation .

Cytosporone B (Dothiorelone G) is a naturally occurring agonist of the nuclear orphan receptor Nur77 NR4A1 (EC50=0.278 nM).

Stigmastanol is a phytosterol.

Fidaxomicin (Tiacumicin B) is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic used to treat Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults. Fidaxomicin has minimal systemic absorption and has not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or to instances of clinically apparent, acute liver injury.

Methyl mycophenolate (Mycophenolic Acid Methyl Ester) is found in the marine fungus Phaeosphaeria spartinae. Methyl mycophenolate is the methyl ester form of mycophenolic acid.

Pravastatin sodium (CS-514 (sodium)), an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, inhibits sterol synthesis with IC50 of 5.6 μM.

SantacruzaMate A (CAY-10683) is a potent and selective HDAC inhibitor.

Enmein, 13-deoxy-19-hydroxy-, (19R)- is an Enmein-type diterpene derivative and can be used in the preparation of antitumor drugs.

1. Acevaltrate (Acevaltratum) displays high cytotoxicity against GLC(4), a human small-cell lung cancer cell line, and against COLO 320, a human colorectal cancer cell line, with IC50 values of 1-6 uM.

Trilaurin (Glyceryl tridodecanoate) is a triacylglycerol found in dietary fats. Trilaurin can be used in cosmetic products as a thickening agent.

Kalii Dehydrographolidi Succinas (Dehydroandrographolide Succinate Potasium Salt) is a natural compound with anti-virus infection activity.

Cholesteryl oleate (Cholesteryl cis-9-octadecenoate) is a cholesteryl ester. Cholesteryl oleate can be used to synthesize solid lipid nanoparticles which is a nanoparticle-based gene therapy approach.

Artemisitene is the oxidized form of Artemisinin and is an antimalarial agent. Artemisinin precursors are the important basic substances for biosynthesis of Artemisinin, including Artemisinin B, Artemisitene, Artemisinic acid, etc.

DL-Mevalonolactone, a human endogenous metabolite, is the δ-lactone form of mevalonate, a precursor of the mevalonate pathway. It reduces mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), Ca2+ retention and NAD(P)H levels in the brain, and also induces mitochondrial swelling.DL-Mevalonolactone induces inflammation and oxidative stress, and reduces mitochondrial membrane potential.

Methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate [Methyl 2-hydroxyisovalerate] is a predominant volatile compound found in Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar.

Gibberllin A7 (Gibberllin 7) is important plant growth hormones that promote plant cell growth and elongation. Gebberillins promote rapid stem and root growth, induce mitotic division and initiate (break dormancy) and increase seed germination rates. The gibberellins are also involved in processes such as gravitropism, tensioning and floral display.Gibberellin A3 (G1025, G7645) and A4 (G7276) may be used as supplements to plant growth media such as Murashige and Skoog media. The specific actions of A3 and A4 or combinations of Gebberellins should be determined in specific plant applications.

Methyl stearate (Methyl Octadecanoate) is found in cloves. Antifoaming agent and fermentation nutrient.

1. Octyl Gallate is an antioxidant approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a food additive. 2. Octyl Gallate has antimetastatic activity. 3. Octyl Gallate shows antimicrobial activity against H. pylori, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 125 ug mL. 4. Combination therapy with octyl gallate and ferulic acid improves cognition and neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.5. Octyl Gallate is a potential anticancer agent, it exhibited decreased MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231 survival and induced apoptosis, with IC50 value of 40 uM. 6. Octyl gallate (Octyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) has antiviral activity, it shows an inhibitory effect on the growth of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in HEp-2 or Vero cells. 7. Octyl gallate shows antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC7754 and Zygosaccharomyces bailii ATCC 60483.

Umbelliprenin (7-[[(2E,6E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienyl]oxy]-2H-1-benzopyran-2-oneUmbelliprenin) alleviated neuropathic pain, and decreased serum IL-6 levels and oxidative stress.

L-Dehydro Ascorbic Acid is the reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid;Dehydroascorbic acid ((L)-Dehydroascorbic acid), a blood-brain barrier transportable form of vitamin C, mediates potent cerebroprotection in experimental stroke.

Propane-1,2,3-triyl tripalmitate (Glycerol Tripalmitate) is a triacylglycerol found in dietary fats. In hamsters fed a diet enriched with it, Tripalmitin increases body weight, elevates plasma LDL levels, and reduces hepatic LDL receptor mRNA levels. It inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decreases the viability of INS1 cells dose-dependently. Tripalmitin is used in cosmetic products for skin conditioning and as a thickening agent, and it forms lipid matrices of nanoparticles for drug delivery.

Methyl heptadecanoate is a natural product.

Phthalic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (Phthalic Acid Monooctyl Ester) is a major bioactive metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which inhibits the 17,20 lyase activity of CYP17. The Cyp17a1 gene is specifically targeted by MEHP, explaining the MEHP-induced suppression of steroidogenesis observed.

Blinin, isolated from the whole plant of Conyza blinii, is used in folk medicine in the south-west of China.

Bifendate (Bifendatatum) is commonly used to treat the transaminase elevation that caused by viral hepatitis and drug-induced liver injury.

Midecamycin (Medecamycin A1), an acetoxy-substituted macrolide antibiotic, has effective on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.

1. Heteroclitin D can inhibit L-type calcium channels. 2. Heteroclitin D might be a valuable antitumor promoter or chemopreventor.

γ-Linolenic Acid methyl ester (Methyl gamma-linolenate) is a weak leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist.

Methyl hexadecanoate is an acaricidal compound found in green walnut hulls with anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties, inhibiting phagocytic activity and immune response.

1,4-D-Gulonolactone (D-Gulonic acid γ-lactone) (also known as reduced ascorbic acid, RAA) is the substrate of the enzyme L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.3.8), which catalyzes the last step of the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in plants and animals. The enzyme L-Gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase is missing in scurvy-prone, vitamin C-deficient animals, such as humans. 1,4-D-Gulonolactone is present in human blood and has been used as one of the markers to compare changes in exercise-induced oxidative stress.

Methyl Laurate (methyl dodecanoate) is a 12-carbon saturated fatty acid and an esterified version of lauric acid[1].

Methyl chlorogenate is isolated from Eriobotrya japonica which is the inhibitor of NFkappaB.

Riboflavin Tetrabutyrate, a lipophilic flavin derivative, possesses antioxidative and lipid peroxide-removing activities.

Methyl oleate is a fatty acid methyl ester. It significantly improves antioxidant capacity, but also significantly weakens the anti-abrasive capacity of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate.

Phthalate ester used as plasticizers and additives. Used in toxicology studies as well as risk assessment studies of food contamination that occurs via migration of phthalates into foodstuffs from food-contact materials (FCM).

Vulpinic Acid (Pulvinic acid methyl ester) is a lichen metabolite with anti-inflammatory, antibacteria, properties, plant growth inhibitor.

Phenylethyl isothiocyanate (JC5411) is an HDAC inhibitor. It potentially for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Ethyl palmate (palmitic acid ethyl ester) is a type of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE). After human subjects consumed alcohol, its synthesis was higher than other FAEEs. It can be used as a hair and skin conditioner.

Epothilone A (Epo A) is a microtubule-stabilizing agent with EC0.01 of 2 μM.

Dihydrokavain (Marindinin), a prominent kavalactone in the kava plant, significantly contributes to the plant's anxiolytic effects, as evidenced by a study conducted on chicks.

Methyl pentadecanoate is a natural product.

1. Isoeugenol acetate (Acetylisoeugenol) shows good antifungal activities against R. solani and F. oxysporum. 2. Isoeugenol acetate is a mild sensitizer in vivo.

L-Gulono-1,4-lactone, a substrate of L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidoreductase, catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic (Vitamin) C.

Methyl undecanoate is a natural product found in Daphne odora.

Methyl 2,5-dihydroxycinnamate is an inhibitor of EGF receptor-associated tyrosine kinases.

Ethyl oleate, a fatty acid ester produced through the condensation of oleic acid and ethanol, serves as the liquid lipid component in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). These NLCs represent a pioneering approach for the oral administration of trans-Ferulic acid (TFA), highlighting ethyl oleate's critical role in enabling effective drug delivery systems.

Eugenol acetate (Aceteugenol) is a constituent of Clove oil, an essential oil from the clove plant, Syzygium aromaticum. Clove oil is a natural analgaesic and antiseptic used primarily in dentistry for its main ingredient Eugenol. Clove oil can also be purchased in pharmacies over the counter, as a home remedy for dental pain relief, mainly toothache; it is also often found in the aromatherapy section of health food stores.