Sulforaphane is derived from the consumption of cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli. It has shown anticancer and cardioprotective activities.

Oltipraz (RP 35972) is a synthetic dithiolethione with potential chemopreventive and anti-angiogenic properties. Oltipraz induces phase II detoxification enzymes, such as glutathione S transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). The induction of detoxification enzymes enhances the detoxification of certain cancer-causing agents, thereby enhancing their elimination and preventing carcinogen-induced DNA damages. Although the exact mechanism through which the anti-angiogenesis effect remains to be fully elucidated, oltipraz maybe able to modulate the expression of a number of angiogenic factors, thereby blocking the sustained and focal neovascularization in multiple tumor cell types.

Hinokitiol (4-Isopropyltropolone) can inhibit ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes and strongly suggest that the inhibitory mechanism is due to the antioxidant activity of metallothionein induced by the agent. Also, Hinokitiol modulates estrogen receptor signaling and inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells.

4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (parahydroxy phenylacetate) is a major microbiota-derived metabolite of polyphenols. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid(p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid) is involved in the antioxidative action. 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid(p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid) induces expression of Nrf2.

NSC23925 is a selective and effective inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (Pgp).